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20 February 2015, Volume 29 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Feasibility of Vacuum Preloading Combined Surcharge Improving of Soft Coastal Soil for a Power Plant QIN Wenquan 2015, 29 (1):  1-4.  Abstract ( 1495 )   Save The thick soft soils are widely deposited along the coastal areas of China and they often require ground improvement to meet the requirements of the engineering developments. This paper introduces the mechanism as well as the installation techniques of the vacuum preloading combined with surcharge method. The actual construction project indicates that this method is a cost effective method for improving the thick soft soils. The project case histories also indicate that this method is feasible to the power plant constructed on the soft soils. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Hollow Soil Nailing and Shotcrete Grouted with Double Liquids in the Deep Excavations 2015, 29 (1):  5-7.  Abstract ( 1359 )   Save The application of the conventional soil nailing with shotcrete technique in the supporting structure of deep excavations in silty, sandy, gravelly or mucky soils has the often received poor results due to the loose or soft state of these soils. This case history indicates that the hollow soil nailing and shotcrete grouted with double liquids obtained the satisfactory results. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mitigation of the Excessive Deformation of a Slope for the Electricity Transformation Station DONG Zhijun1, XU Cong2，SHI Jihong1 2015, 29 (1):  8-12.  Abstract ( 2180 )   Save This paper presents a case history of the mitigation of the excessive deformation of a fill slope for the electricity transformation station. The entire fill embankment was monitored for the deformation during the construction. The observation results indicated that the worst deformation was at the Segment No. DE. The factors that attributed to the excessive deformation and the potential failure modes are discussed in the paper. The stability of the fill embankment was evaluated and the emergency mitigation measures are also provided. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the Dynamic Compaction Results WANG Dong1,2, WANG Yong1,2 2015, 29 (1):  13-14.  Abstract ( 1592 )   Save The purposes the dynamic compaction are increasing the bearing capacity of the existing foundation soils, reducing the potential total and differential settlements. It is critical to study the effect of the dynamic compaction. This paper reviews the methods of improving the bearing capacity and methods of evaluating the dynamic compaction influencing depth. Different evaluation methods are compared with the field results. Factors that affecting the dynamic compaction and parameters that for the dynamic compaction result evaluation are also presented in the paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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Stability and Sensitivity Analyses of an Unstable Slop within a Resort Hotel 王亚玲，吴定洪 2015, 29 (1):  15-17.  Abstract ( 1633 )   Save A potentially unstable slope exists within a resort hotel project site. The failure of this slope will directly impede safety of the resident and tourists on the slope as well as the operational safety of the tourism highway in front of it. This unstable slope was numerically modeled and parametrically studied under normal as we as the intensive precipitation conditions. Factors that affecting the slope stability and their sensitivities are evaluated for the slope stability mitigation purpose. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Case History of the Comprehensive Slope Stability Mitigations ZHAO Daiyao1, CHEN Feng1,2 2015, 29 (1):  18-21.  Abstract ( 1673 )   Save This paper presents a case of the slope stability mitigations. The subsurface conditions, potential hazards, as well as the deformation developments of the existing slope are discussed in the paper. The different stabilizing measures utilized at different locations are evaluated for the stability. The results show that the supporting measures increase the factor of safeties at all sections analyzed and meet the requirements of the design code. Related Articles | Metrics

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Strengthening Design of a Defected SlideResistant Cast-in-Place Concrete Pile LIN Jianming1, LIAO Xiaoping2, WEI Turong2, ZHAO Jie2 2015, 29 (1):  22-25.  Abstract ( 1428 )   Save This paper discusses the potential adverse consequences of the defected slideresistant cast-in-place concrete piles. Factors that attribute to the pile defections during the pile installations and different methods of strengthening the defective areas are proposed in the paper. Based on a successful case history of repairing the case-in-case concrete piles in Jindoushan Project, the fracture grouting method is approved to be an effective solution. Related Articles | Metrics

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Pre-stressed Ground Anchors Combined with Piles as the Supporting Structure for Deep Excavations QIAN Chaoyang1, NI Huibin2 2015, 29 (1):  26-28.  Abstract ( 1526 )   Save The ground anchors combined with the piles are widely used in the deep excavation projects. The horizontal deformation of the excavated wall can be reduced if the pre-stressing is applied on the ground anchors. The number of the ground anchors and their locations can be flexibly arranged according to the deformation control requirements. The other advantage of the use of ground anchors is that the internal strutting support numbers can be reduced and working spacing inside the excavated area so that the excavation as well as the foundation construction work can be facilitated. This paper presents the design and analysis aspects of the ground anchor applications in supporting of the deep excavations of the MultiPurpose Building of the Patient Center for Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jinhu County. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the Foundation Pit Retaining for an Ecology and Technology Park GAO Yansheng, CHAI Xinjun 2015, 29 (1):  29-31.  Abstract ( 1606 )   Save The demands for the highrise buildings and the underground spaces have been accelerated in recent years with the fast development of the urban construction. The increasing in number of deep excavation projects boosts the technology of excavation technology. Therefore, the excavation supporting technology becomes more and more important for the stability of the excavated area. Different excavation supporting systems are successfully applied in the various projects. Based on the case history of the deep excavation supporting design and construction of an ecology and technology park, this paper presents the results of supporting structure design, dewatering design and the excavation monitoring. The results indicate that the excavation was successful. Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamic Compaction Application in Treatment of a Non-Typical Loess XUE Weijun, WANG Yajun, ZHANG Guanhong 2015, 29 (1):  33-34.  Abstract ( 1433 )   Save The dynamic compaction has the advantages of the simple equipment, straight forward in soil improvement principals, short construction period and cos effective. As a result, it has been widely used in the soil improvement projects in loess area. The loess deposits at the edge of the Loess Plateau in northern China are not typical from their formations. They have the characteristics of low moisture and high sandy contents, nonhomogeneous and containing cohesive soil lenses in some areas so that they might not be applicable for the dynamic compaction in accordance with the code requirements. The feasibility of the application of dynamic compaction in this nontypical loess soil formation based on the test data from a case history. Related Articles | Metrics

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Landslides in Stepped Rice Field Areas XU Shaopan 2015, 29 (1):  35-37.  Abstract ( 1333 )   Save Landslide is a common geological hazard in the mountainous region of southwestern China. The landslides in a stepped rice field area are presented as a case history. The geological environment, basic aspects of the landslides, and the stability evaluation are discussed in the paper. The landslide mitigation methods are also proposed based on a better understanding of the hazards. Related Articles | Metrics

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Stability Analysis and Mitigation of a High Cut Slope in Danjiangkou YU Wenjing, XIAO Shirong, HU Zhiqiang, SHEN Jian 2015, 29 (1):  38-41.  Abstract ( 1546 )   Save A number of high cut slopes are formed due to the construction of relocation community of the immigrants from the pool area of Danjiangkou Reservoir. Some of these high cut slopes might have a potential safety hazard to the life and properties of the residents. The safety of these slopes is of an integral part of the geological hazard preventions and is also a critical portion of the prolonged safety issue for the relocation communities. This paper presents a case history of the evaluation of a high cut slope. Factors that affecting the stability of the slope are discussed and the safety of the slope are evaluated by the limit equilibrium method and geological engineering analog method. The mitigation of measure utilizes a comprehensive method: the combination of flatten slope with shotcrete on the wire meshes; mortar stacked masonry retaining wall; cutoff ditch at the crest of the slope. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis and Mitigation of a Rock Slope in a Methanol Olefins Project WANG Dingwei, CHEN Xingxing, CHENG Jiangtao 2015, 29 (1):  42-44.  Abstract ( 1668 )   Save Based on the geotechnical investigation data on a rock slope for the proposed Methanol Olefins project, the natural topographical conditions, hydrological conditions, physical and mechanical properties of rock samples, the potential failure modes of the rock slope are analyzed. The stability analyses are performed on the representative sections. As a result of these analyses, the stability mitigation method is able to be optimized. Both the safety and cost effectiveness are achieved. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mini CFG Column-Cement Pressure Grout For Soil Improvement LIU Yuan1,2，3, ZHANG Keneng1,2, LIU Chuang1,2， XIAO Xiaoling2，3 2015, 29 (1):  45-48.  Abstract ( 1829 )   Save The mini Cement-Fly Ash-Gravel columns receive wider applications in the soil improvement projects as a composite ground. The results of these applications have shown the achievements in the economics and the environment aspects. The length of a typical mini CFG column is between three (3) and five (5) meters. The application of this method in the Guilin area is usually limited due to the complexity of the karst terrain, which often involves soft weak layers in greater depths. One of the new applications is to combine with other method, such as, cement pressure grout method. The case history indicates that this combination meets the requirements of both bearing capacity and the deformation. This paper presents the project details. Related Articles | Metrics

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Applications of Geogrids in a High Fill Embankment XU Guosheng1, JIANG Ping2, HUANG Yungui1 2015, 29 (1):  49-51.  Abstract ( 1662 )   Save There are many methods have been successfully used in the stability mitigation of high fill embankments. Due to its relatively matured theoretical design analysis procedures and its cost effectiveness, the geogrid is widely used in the high fill embankment as retaining structures. This paper discuss′ the three aspects in the embankment stability mitigations: 1) the effect of property variation of the subgrade soils 2) soil improvements; and 3) treatment of the embankment toe. The objectives of these discussions are to provide a safe and economical design scheme for the high fill embankments. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cross Sectional Design of a Pipeline Tunnel for Oil-Gas Transportation YU Hao， CHENG Yuanzhi, WANG Fei 2015, 29 (1):  52-54.  Abstract ( 1442 )   Save The oilgas pipeline tunnels has the characteristics of small cross sectional area, complicated loading conditions and different supporting liner compared with the conventional tunnels for railways and highways. This paper presents a case history of the oilgas pipeline tunnel analysis. The plane strain finite element analysis models are established on the rock mas. The geostress, displacement, deformation and internal force of the tunnel are analyzed. The factor of safety and the structural gap of the supporting liner are obtained. The rock mass supporting method is therefore determined and verified. It is concluded that the finite element method could appropriately characterize the stress distribution of the tunnel structure and it can be used in the safety evaluation of the safety of the second lining support. Related Articles | Metrics

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FLAC3D Slope Stability Analysis Using ANASYS for the Model Development LI Zhiyuan, CHEN Feng 2015, 29 (1):  55-58.  Abstract ( 1689 )   Save A slope stability project is analyzed with the commercial finite difference software FLAC3D due to its powerful postprocess functions.  However, greater difficulties are encountered in the model development due to the inclined nonhorizontal soil strata in using the FLAC3D software. A better approach to enhance the efficiency is to take the advantage of the ANASYS preprocessing functions for the model development. The results indicate that this combination can significantly improve the efficiency in resolving the complicated geometry as well as the subsurface conditions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Three Dimension Numerical Analysis of the Construction of a Shallow-Buried Underpass CHEN Yunxiang1, ZHANG Feng1, LIU Qinghua2, JIANG Gang1, WANG Xundong1 2015, 29 (1):  59-61.  Abstract ( 1351 )   Save The construction of the pedestrian underpass beneath the street in the urban area will have unavoidable adverse impact on the adjacent environment. The simulation of the construction procedure has an important role in maintaining a safe construction. The three dimensional numerical model of the construction procedure of a shallow buried pedestrian underpass is developed with MIDAS GTS commercial software. The objectives of the analysis include the settlement at the crest of the tunnel as well as the adjacent ground. The results indicate that the excavation of the upper portion of the tunnel has a larger impact of the ground surface settlement. The immediate erection of the supporting in this area will have a good result in the settlement control. The ground surface settlement induced by the traffic load and settlement at the tunnel crest are the indicators for the safe tunnel construction. It is also concluded that the numerical analysis can provide valuable information in guiding the safe construction. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Impact of Soft Clay Sensitivity on the Mechanical Properties MA Jie 2015, 29 (1):  62-65.  Abstract ( 1333 )   Save The majority of the natural soft soils have sensitivity. The undisturbed soft soil samples from Tianjin area are consolidation tested to a very high consolidation pressure in order to study the impact of the soil structural fabrics on the compressibility as well as the shape of the compression curves. The test results indicate that, under the same consolidation pressure, the deformation modulus in the vertical direction of the remolded soil is greater than that of the natural soil sample. The preconsolidation pressure of the natural soil is greater than that of the remolded soil; the compression modulus of the natural soil is greater than that of the remolded soil; the coefficient of the compression of the natural soil is smaller than that of the remolded soil. There is a power relationship exists in the coefficient of the compression, compression modulus and preconsolidation pressure. The laboratory test indicates that the sensitivity of the soil studied is 5 and it can be classified as "Sensitive" class. Related Articles | Metrics

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Ground Subsidence Control of a Shallow-Buried Tunnel ZHOU Shenhua1, SONG Zairong2, WU Haishan2 2015, 29 (1):  66-69.  Abstract ( 1446 )   Save The impact factors of the construction of apron sections of the doublearch shallow buried metro tunnel at the Xixian Station in Xi′an Metro Project on the subsidence of the ground surface are discussed in this paper. The roles of the small leadtube advanced grouting in the ground subsidence control are also presented. The project practice indicates that it is necessary to strengthening the soil at some special areas. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Impact of Underpass Construction on the Adjacent Viaducts YAO Hucheng1, GUO Zhenkun1, LIU Guanshi2 2015, 29 (1):  70-73.  Abstract ( 1570 )   Save The underpass in the urban area has a trend of rapid development. But the impact of the underpass construction on the adjacent existing viaduct does not have a reliable evaluation method and the monitoring measurement during the construction is the only solution. After the review of the deformation criteria of the bridges, the deformation criteria of evaluating the impact of the underpass construction on the piers of the adjacent viaduct are discussed. These criteria have been verified during the construction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction Model for Railway Subgrade Deformation Induced by Abandoned Salt Mines TANG Xia 2015, 29 (1):  74-76.  Abstract ( 1280 )   Save The underground extraction of salt rock will form brine water filled abandoned caverns. Due to the creep of the salt rock, the abundant salt rock caverns will contract in volume and will result in the deformation of railway subgrade. The excessive deformation of the railway subgrades will affect the safe operation. An analytical solution that is based on ground deformation resulting from the contraction of a cylindrical salt rock cavity and Mogi Model is developed. This model can provide solutions of the development of deformation with time of the railway subgrade over abandoned salt rock mines. Related Articles | Metrics

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Three Dimensional Coupled Stress-Seepage Sliding Stability Analysis of a Dam Foundation ZHU Chao1, MA Shiju2 2015, 29 (1):  77-80.  Abstract ( 1358 )   Save One of the most serious problems in the design and construction of the Xiangjiaba Hydraulic Electricity Second Phase Project is the sliding stability of the dam foundation, which is critical to the safe operation of the entire pivot. The sliding stability is numerically analyzed using the strength reduction method for a representative section under the pool level conditions. The nonconvergence and the connection of the plastic zones are used in the analysis as the instability criteria. The analysis results indicate that a factor of safety of 3.62 using the nonconvergence criterion and a factor of safety of 3.2 using the connection of plastic zones are obtained, respectively. If the current strength parameters are used in the analysis, the characteristics displacements at crest, heel and toe are point to the downstream side. A sliding tendency can be found under the current conditions.[JP] Related Articles | Metrics

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Law of Load Transmission of Pedestal Tension Pile and Analysis of Influencing Factors ZHENG Xinke, ZHU Sainan，FAN Guanghui, ZHANG Liwei 2015, 29 (1):  81-84.  Abstract ( 1743 )   Save The uplift resistance and the deformation characteristics of the castinplace concrete pile with enlarged base have been extensively analyzed and a wider application of this type of pile in the buildings and other structures is observed recently. However, due to the deformation complicity of enlarge based piles; factors that might affect the performance are not very clear. The performance of this type of pile cannot be theoretically modeled so that the application of this enlarge based pile is also restrained. This paper presents a case history of enlarge based pile analysis. Based on the current research results, the load transfer and bearing capacity characteristics are analyzed. This results prove a better understanding of enlarge based piles. Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussions on the Design of a Reinforced Concrete Frame Structure with Basement CHEN Wei 2015, 29 (1):  85-87.  Abstract ( 1312 )   Save The design of multilayer reinforced concrete frame with basement for the electric control room of a steel mill is discussed in accordance with the "Building Foundation Design Code (GB5007-2011)" and "Building Seismic Design Code (GB5011-2010)." The impact of the lateral stiffness and the backfill soil on the performance of the upper portion of the concrete frame is also discussed in this paper. A simplified model that considering the need of the practical project is presented and a basement wall design calculation methods are also proposed in the paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlations between the SPT N Values and the Shear Wave Velocity of Soils in Shandong Yellow River Alluvial Plains CHEN Weibing1, LV Yinghui2, JIANG Hao1 2015, 29 (1):  88-89.  Abstract ( 1745 )   Save The shear wave velocity of the subsurface soils is one of the important parameters for the site seismic evaluations. This parameter can also be used in the site seismic and well as building classifications. This paper summarizes the standard penetration testing (SPT) N values as well as the shear wave velocity values in several coal burning power stations in Shandong Yellow River Alluvial soils. The regression analyses are performed on the two groups of data. An empirical relationship between the SPT N values and the shear wave velocity is developed for the preliminary design purposes. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Relationship Between the Tidal Forces and the Landslide Triggering Time GAO Peng1, LIU Yuhua2 2015, 29 (1):  90-93.  Abstract ( 1660 )   Save The occurrence time of landslides has a significant periodical distribution and the gravitational tidal forces induced by the sun and the moon are the major contribution factors. This paper presents the formula of the tidal force acting on the landslide as well as the effect of the tidal force on the slope stability from the theory of the solid tide. The triggering mechanism of the tidal force on the landslide is explored throughout the improved factor of safety method that considering the action of tidal force. A slope stability example is considered in the paper to analysis the relationship between the diurnal period relationship and the landslide triggering time. The results indicate that a diurnal and half diurnal periods can be found in the tidal forces and their associated factors of safety. Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of Asphalt Pavement Design Methods BAO Huiming, ZHANG Jigang 2015, 29 (1):  94-96.  Abstract ( 1319 )   Save The conventional pavement design methods, such as, empirical, mechanical as well as mechanicalempirical methods , cannot meet the requirements of the development of heavily, extra heavily loaded asphalt pavements. It is both a research and a practical challenge for meeting the requirements of both the material and the structural design. It is also difficult to develop a design method that considering the aspects of pavement structure, material, environment; load and cost and maximize the performance of the pavement structure under the extra heavy loading conditions. The nationally and internationally existing typical pavement design methods are reviewed in this paper. The performance based full life cycle asphalt pavement and perpetual asphalt pavement design methods are introduced and suggestions for the design improvements are provided. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Impact of Tunnel Undercrossing on the Existing Buildings HUANG Baolong 2015, 29 (1):  97-101.  Abstract ( 1587 )   Save When a tunnel is crossing under a group of existing buildings, it is necessary to predict its potential impact on the buildings and to control the possible hazard induced by the tunnel. The conventional prediction methods include: theoretical approach, numerical analysis and empirical solution. This paper reviews both advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Their practical applications and their reliabilities have also been presented in the paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Preliminary Study of the Characteristics Paleokarst and the Stability of A Bridge Site In Ji′an County, Jiangxi Province XU Yanhua 2015, 29 (1):  102-105.  Abstract ( 1425 )   Save This paper presents the geotechnical characterization results of the palokarst at an extralarge bridge site in Ji′an, Jiangxi Province. The regional geological information and field geotechnical investigation data are evaluated. The geological origin, development as well as consequence aspects of the palokarst that deposits within Ji′an region are summarized in the paper. The stability of the karst within the project site and the karst development are also evaluated for the bridge design and construction purposes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental Study of the Compaction Characteristics of Coral Gravel Gravelly Soils YU Qiang, JIANG Zhenchun 2015, 29 (1):  106-109.  Abstract ( 1129 )   Save For the feasibility of subgrade fill materials, extensive laboratory compaction tests are performed on the poorly graded boulder, gravelly coral reef soils from Sanya Areas. The number of material preparation layers and levels of the compaction energy on the compaction results are examined. The feasibility of using the coral reef debris for the roadway construction and its construction techniques are also discussed in the paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Application of Rapid Loading Method in the Pile Load Tests GUO Fengliang1, LIN Nan2, CHENG Kang1, MA Yongbin1 2015, 29 (1):  110-113.  Abstract ( 1609 )   Save The rapid pile load test was performed on the precasted, prestressed concrete pipe piles. The test results indicate that this method can be applied to the production piles. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analyzing and Monitoring the Horizontal Displacement of a Deep Excavation HU Nie Lei 2015, 29 (1):  114-116.  Abstract ( 1857 )   Save This paper presents a case history of the monitoring results of a deep excavation.  The monitored data include: horizontal and vertical displacement at the ground surface near the excavation; various ground settlement below the excavated soils; internal forces within the supporting sheet piles and well as ground anchors. This paper discusses and analyzes the monitored soil as well as sheet pile displacements. The excessive deformations at several locations were consequently analyzed and the safe excavation was ensured. Related Articles | Metrics

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Overhead Power Line Vibration Monitoring and Analysis CHEN Song 2015, 29 (1):  117-119.  Abstract ( 1450 )   Save The effect of the high speed train induced vibrations on the adjacent structures becomes more prominent with the rapid development of the high speed rail in recent years. The vibration within the soil mass would likely affect the normal use of the land along the railway alignments. The key to resolve the vibration related problem is to accurately measure the vibration. Based on the characteristics of the passenger rail lines, the dynamic response sensors were reasonably arranged in order to measure the response of the high speed train induced vibrations at various locations. The vibration response spectrum was obtained throughout the Fourier Transformation. The vibration dissipation characters can be more explicitly observed from the response spectrum. The objectives of the vibration study are: 1) provide basic data for the high speed rail vibration mitigation measures; 2) provide reference data for the high speed rail design. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of the Handy Hammer Dynamic Penetration Test and Plasticity Chart in the Geological Hazards Research PAN Zhijia1, YOSHITO Kitazono2 2015, 29 (1):  120-123.  Abstract ( 1585 )   Save The principle, application and analysis of Handy Hammer Dynamic Penetration Test as well as the plasticity chart are introduced in this paper. A comparison between the penetration tests and the plastic charts used mostly in developed countries and China is also made in the paper. The results summarize the advantages and convenience of the application of Handy Hammer Dynamic Penetration Test and plasticity chart in the practical projects. Penetration curve obtained from the Handy Hammer Dynamic Penetration Test results shows the general stratification of the soil layers as well as its weakness in the potential geological hazard areas. Samples were collected for the laboratory tests moisture content, unit weight and Atterberg Limits. Plasticity chart obtained from the test results indicates a better indication of both physical and mechanical properties of the soil samples. Along with results from the granularity analysis, a better engineering classification can be obtained. The application of the Handy Hammer Dynamic Penetration Test and the plasticity chart could results in a better understanding of the geological hazards. Related Articles | Metrics