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20 February 2014, Volume 28 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Design of the Prestressed Ground Anchors with Concrete Grid Beams for Highway Slope Stabilization ZHENG Ye, FAN Xiufeng, SEHN Mengxing 2014, 28 (1):  1-4.  Abstract ( 1937 )   Save This paper presents a prestressed ground anchor with grid beams for a slope stability mitigation design project of a highway slope at North Mengshan Road in Fuzhou City. The physiographic and topographic conditions, geological and hydrological conditions as well as rock and soil properties are obtained throughout the field and laboratory investigations. The representative sections are analyzed with circular sliding analysis method. The prestressed ground anchors with grid beams are selected as the cost effective solution to for the stabilization mitigations.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Mitigations of Bumps at the Ends of the Bridge with High Embankment over Soft Soils JIANG Rong1, WU Jianliang2 2014, 28 (1):  5-7.  Abstract ( 2248 )   Save For the highway embankments over soft soils, the differential settlement between the end of bridge and the embankment is very often. The differential settlement is called "bumps at the ends of bridge". This paper presents a case history of soil improvement method for the highway embankment over soils and the measures used to minimize the bumps at the ends of the bridge. The construction settlement monitoring results are also presented in the paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reasons Induced the Basement Floor Float Up During the Construction ZHANG Jian1， TANG Shenggui2， AO Guobi2 2014, 28 (1):  8-10.  Abstract ( 1824 )   Save A basement of a highrise building experienced float up damage during the construction. This paper analyzes possibly factors that leading to the accident. The paper presents the importance of estimating the groundwater level during the construction as well as the applying the proper basement construction methods. Factors, such as, seasonal precipitation, topography and environment adjacent to the basement, that affecting the groundwater proof and drainage design are discussed. Understanding geotechnical and hydrological conditions during the design and construction is critical. Related Articles | Metrics

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Factors that Causing Defected CFG Columns HAN Xiaolei1, ZHANG Jing1, SHI Bin2 2014, 28 (1):  11-13.  Abstract ( 1932 )   Save The cement, fly ash and gravel (CFG) columns are widely used as composite ground for the multistory buildings, highrise buildings, and industrial facilities due to their cost effective and easy installation advantages. This paper presents the factors that causing the defected CFG columns from the site geotechnical and hydrological conditions as well as the construction procedures. The Griffith Failure Criteria are used in the analysis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction of Ground Subsidence Induced by the Shielded Subway Construction in Xi'an ZHANG Kai 2014, 28 (1):  14-16.  Abstract ( 1373 )   Save The South Gate Wall segment of the second line of Xi'an Subway project is constructed with shielded tunneling method. The impact of the tunnel excavation on the ground surface subsidence is simulated with FLAC 3D model with various soil shear strength parameters, tunnel embedment depths as well as thickness of the Gate Wall. From the numerical analysis, the ground subsidence prediction formula is proposed. It is concluded that the proposed ground subsidence formula can reasonably reflect the values that observed during the construction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Grouted Micropile in the Mitigation of a Filling Slope Failure HU Jianwei, DENG Xuedeng, JIANG Baoqing 2014, 28 (1):  17-20.  Abstract ( 2301 )   Save The mechanism of the grouted micropile is introduced in this paper based on a case history of the filling slope failure mitigation for a steel mill site. The design approach and the construction procedures are also discussed. Throughout the monitoring during the construction and the operation, it is proved that the micropile method is a reliable slope stability mitigation method. Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and Construction of a Shallow Buried Subway Undercrosss a Large Box Culvert HE Xiaolong 2014, 28 (1):  21-25.  Abstract ( 2042 )   Save This paper presents a case study of the Central Subway for the Island Loop and Convention Center of Xiamen City. The design and construction aspects of a shallow buried subway under crossing a large box culvert are discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Stability Analysis and Mitigation of a High Cut Slope in Three Gorges Reservoir Area CHEN Deqian, XIAO Shirong, SONG Guilin, MING Chengtao 2014, 28 (1):  26-29.  Abstract ( 1909 )   Save The stability of high cut slope is an important component of the geological hazard prevention system. A slope, which is located within the campus of the Secondary High School of the Town of Wuxia, is analyzed in this paper for the cut slope stability. The potential failure mode of this slope is predicted throughout the analysis of the geological characteristics, cut slope type as well as the structural plane locations. The stability is analyzed by using the limit equilibrium as well as analogic method in the engineering geology. The stability mitigation method used is a combination of local cut, reinforced concrete grid beams, ground anchors with shot crete netting and drainage system. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Reinforced Soil Slope for a High Fill Slope for the Shennongjia Airport XING Xiaoyi1, ZHU Changqi2, LUO Hongbing3， YAN Ke2 2014, 28 (1):  30-33.  Abstract ( 1954 )   Save The performance of geogrid in the high reinforced soil slope (RSS) is a very important and practical topic in the geotechnical engineering. This paper presents a case history of a 65 m high RSS slope with a slope angle of  degree. The earth pressures, deflections inside the slope and the surface movement of the slope as well as the strain in the grogrid are monitored during the construction. The results show that, the maximum vertical earth pressure is not located at the bottom of the fills. With the location that far away from the slope surface, the maximum vertical earth pressures are gradually moving downward. The lateral deflection of the slope are not linear with a maximum lateral deflection of 20 mm is recorded at 22 m below the crest. Deformations at the top as well as the bottom of the RSS are small. The maximum strain within the geogrid is at the half height of the retaining wall at bottom with a magnitude of 2.32 mm or 6.65% of strain. This indicates that the maximum tension stress has not been reached. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cost-effectiveness Study of Slope Reinforcement Methods at Tunnel Portals ZHENG Yana1, HAN Wentao2 2014, 28 (1):  34-37.  Abstract ( 1599 )   Save The stability of slopes at portals is often critical to a successful tunnel construction. This paper presents a slope stability analysis on the portals of a highway tunnel. The strength parameters are estimated throughout back analysis as well as engineering analog. The impacts of active and passive strengthening methods on the slope stability and its sliding influence zone are evaluated. The comparative study results indicate that, if the active strengthening methods are used, strength reduction and deformation zone in the sliding body are limited. Larger deformation and strength reduction can be found in the potential sliding body if the passive strengthening methods are utilized. The cost and effectiveness ratio is also low for the passive strengthening methods. The final design used active strengthening methods at both entrance and exit portals. The sheet pile wall was installed at the tunnel entrance and the prestressed ground anchors were installed at the exit portal. The tunnel operation period demonstrates that the slopes are stable and satisfactory. Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and Construction of a Water Supply Tunnel Under Complicated Geological and Hydrological Conditions CHEN Ping1, WANG Gang2 2014, 28 (1):  38-41.  Abstract ( 1488 )   Save The water tunnel of coal burning power plant, which is the Second Phase of Dengfeng Electricity Co., Let, Huarun Group, is underneath the rock mass with complicated geological and hydrological conditions.  The tunnel construction techniques under the adverse conditions such as, fractured rock mass zone, running sand and groundwater rush are discussed in thepaper. Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and Construction of a Form Supporting System for the Cast-In-Place Continuous Box Girders DING Zhongshan 2014, 28 (1):  42-44.  Abstract ( 1820 )   Save This paper discusses an interchange construction procedure of ZhuangGai Express Highway Project in Henan Province. The bridge construction involves the posttensioning of eight spans castinplace continuous box girders and three spans castinplace box girders. Among these spans, three spans are over a river and another four spans are over DanDa Express Highway. The construction procedure details of supporting the concrete pour of these structures are provided in the paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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Stability Analysis of Slopes with Weak Planes Coupling with Stress and Seepage Conditions YU Xuan1， HE Na2, TONG Shuai3 2014, 28 (1):  45-49.  Abstract ( 1984 )   Save Based on the principles of the unsaturated soil mechanics and circular the slicing method, this paper analyzes the mechanism of the stability reduction under the action of seepage. The weak zones in the slope are simulated with contact elements. The analytical model of soil slopes with weak zones and coupled with stress and seepage is established by using MIDAS GTS software. In the slope stability model, the strength reduction and limit equilibrium methods are considered in the seepage analysis. The results indicate that, the slope instability criterion cannot be purely based on the connection of plastic zones. The results from the numerical analysis with strength reduction method are very similar to those with limit equilibrium approach. The weak planes and seepage have significant impacts on the deformation and stress redistribution as well as stability of slopes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Techniques of Improving the Quality of Mass Concrete Pouring LI Hongwei, LIU Biyan 2014, 28 (1):  50-52.  Abstract ( 1667 )   Save This paper discusses common factors that causing the honeycomb and excessive dimension acceptance in the mass concrete pouring project. These aspects include: selecting of construction materials and equipment, qualification of labors, climate during the construction, concrete pouring control and curing. Methods that can improve the concrete pouring quality are also proposed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Finite Element Analysis of htype Piles for Landslide Mitigations WANG Jisheng, XIONG Chuangxiang 2014, 28 (1):  53-56.  Abstract ( 2044 )   Save This paper presents the PLAXIS numerical analysis results of htype piles used for landslide mitigation in Ningde area. The stress and strain in the piles and the stability of the slope are discussed in the paper. The results of the single row piles and the htype piles are compared. The results show that the bending moment and the shear force in the front row piles have a sudden change at the horizontal beam location. At the upper portion of htype piles, cantilever beam behavior is observed. A rigid frame performance is measured at the lower portion of this type of structure. Related Articles | Metrics

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Hydrological Study for a Bid Package for No. 3 Line of Xi'an Subway Project WEI Xiaoyang, GUO Yaoling,CHENG Haikun 2014, 28 (1):  57-59.  Abstract ( 1956 )   Save The first phase of D3KC2 bid package for No. 3 Line (between Yuhuazhai and International Port) of Xi'an Subway Project involves the construction of three subway stations (Taibai Road South, Jixiang Village and Great Goose Pagoda North) and subways that link these stations. The total length of the subway alignment is 5,695 m. This paper presents the hydrological investigation results for the design and construction of these facilities. The permeability coefficients and their influence radius of soil materials above the groundwater line are measured throughout the pumping and recharging tests. The maximum permeability coefficients are these stations are: 1.48 (m/d), 2.38 (m/d), 6.89 (m/d), respectively. Their influence radius are: 51.00, 141.03 and 90.72 meters, respectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Time and Spatial Variations of Ground Subsidence Induced by a Shaft Excavation WANG Wenbin 2014, 28 (1):  60-63.  Abstract ( 1553 )   Save The selfcorrelated coefficient of time and spatial variations of the ground surface subsidence induced by a shaft excavation is studied in this paper. It is concluded that the time series have nonstationary property, in other words, the subsidence of ground surface has a deterministic trend. For the ground subsidence induced by a shaft excavation, time and space are two independent variables, and the ground subsidence is a function of time and space. It is possible to predict the ground subsidence during the construction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Deep Excavation Seepage Analysis under Two Different Precipitation Modes QIU Haibing， LIU Zengrong, WANG Haigang 2014, 28 (1):  64-67.  Abstract ( 2150 )   Save The seepage analyses in unsaturated soils are performed at a ground anchor supported deep excavation site by using MIDAS GTS finite element software under the different precipitation conditions. In order to simulate the matric suction dissipation in the unsaturated soils, two rainfall modes are considered in the numerical analysis: transient storm rain and prolonged light rain showers. Under a short period of intensive storm rain, a transient saturated soil zone will be developed underneath the slope surface and the matric suction at deeper soil has little change, whereas, the prolonged light rain showers will gradually saturate the entire slope. The pore water pressure developed from the prolonged rain fall is then introduced into the excavated slope model and the stability is analyzed by using the strength reduction method. It is concluded that the prolonged rainfall has larger impact on the stability of the supporting structures and overall stability of deep excavations. Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical Analysis of Composite Ground Formed by DDC Method SUN Qingjuan, LIU Zengrong, LI Xiaolong 2014, 28 (1):  68-71.  Abstract ( 1876 )   Save The composite ground of large diameter columns formed by Deep Dynamic Compaction (DDC) method is numerical analyzed by using commercial software ANSYS.  The analytical results indicate that a good compatibility between the DDC formed columns and surrounding soils is demonstrated. The DDC formed composite ground belongs to a composite soil of semirigid and semiflexible subgrades. The compression modulus of surrounding soils has a significant impact on the bearing capacity of the composite foundations. The length of the column has less influence on the bearing capacity of the treated foundations. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of the Quaternary Sediments in Baoding City and Xiongxian County CAO Jiangtao 2014, 28 (1):  72-74.  Abstract ( 1887 )   Save Quaternary sediments are deposited at both Baoding City and Xiongxian County. They are very similar and also differences exist in both areas in the geological properties. The physiographical characteristics, sediment environments, stratigraphy and sediment properties of these materials have been compared, summarized. The engineering investigation methods in these soils and ground improvement methods are presented in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Application of Infinite Element and Finite Element Coupling in Foundation Engineering HAN Xu, WANG Jialin 2014, 28 (1):  75-78.  Abstract ( 2101 )   Save The infinite boundaries are existed in foundation engineering as well as underground engineering. The conventional finite element method is used in solving these problems, a large limited area is considered and certain boundary condition is imposed to simulate the infinite boundaries. The dilemma between the computational time and the accuracy achieved is usually induced from this approach. The combination of infinite element and the finite element theories throughout a C++ programming method so that the finite element meshes can have infinite elements. As a result, the computation time can be limited without the computation accuracy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanical Properties of Bedrock at Dayawan Petroleum Refinery Site QIAN Ming, SHENG Liancheng, FANG Haoliang, ZHANG Zhihao 2014, 28 (1):  79-81.  Abstract ( 1831 )   Save The geotechnical properties of bedrock at Dayawan area are discussed in this paper. The project site is the China National Offshore Oil Company (CNOOC)'s Ten Million Tons Refinery Facility in Huizhou City. The mechanical properties of tested samples are statistically analyzed and compared with the code suggested values. The bedrock weathered zones are evaluated by using the ultrasonic wave velocity testing. The principles of the weathered zone subclassifications are also presented in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of Engineering Geology Challenges of Xiaojia River Hydropower Station in Yichang MING Chengtao, XIAO Shirong, SONG Guilin, CHEN Deqian 2014, 28 (1):  82-84.  Abstract ( 1942 )   Save The major geology challenges in the Xiaojia River Hydropower Station in Yichang are: stability of rock mass surrounding the intake water tunnel, pressurized water pipes; high rock cut slopes at the power house etc. This paper presents the results of the geotechnical investigations. The geology and topography of the proposed site are analyzed; the stability of the intake water tunnel is evaluated throughout the rock mass classification process; the stability of the high rock cut slope is numerically analyzed. The recommendations for the design and construction are also proposed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Stress Distribution along the Cast-In-Pace Concrete Piles ZHANG Zhihao, LI Rongxian, SHENG Lianchen, WANG Yuzhou 2014, 28 (1):  85-88.  Abstract ( 2098 )   Save The proposed refinery site in Yunnan Province is undergone the cut and fill in the mountain area. The heterogeneous of the subsurface soils prevent the shallow foundation for special equipment even after the dynamic compaction. Due to the large dimensions and magnitude of both lateral and vertical loads, the cast-in-place reinforced concrete piles are selected to support this structure. The axial static loading tests are performed at three representative locations in order to optimize the pile design. This paper presents the results of loading tests. The influence of the surrounding soil on the axial capacity and the stress distribution along the pile shaft are discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Pile Driving Induced Vibration Propagation in Coal Wastes HOU Jianghua 2014, 28 (1):  89-90.  Abstract ( 1538 )   Save The coal waste is a solid waste material consisting of a mixture of various soft rock components during the coal mining and processing. It can be classified as "soft coarse grain soil." If the coal waste left untreated, it might take a large quantity of treasures land and it will cause the contamination if the sulfate from the coal waste is leached out. To widen the areas that the coal waste can be reused, the quantified analysis of the properties of the coal waste under different conditions is very important. This paper presents a finite element analysis model using ANSYS to examine the pile driving induced vibration propagation in the coal waste. Related Articles | Metrics

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Definition and Classification of Fine Grain Materials from Mine Tailings CAI Qing, CHENG Jiangtao, YU Chenxiang 2014, 28 (1):  91-93.  Abstract ( 1728 )   Save The engineering properties of the fine grain materials from the mine tailings are critical to the stability of the mine tailing dams. Currently, there are no clear standard exist on the definition and classification of these fine grain materials. Based on the state of the practice of geotechnical field investigation and laboratory testing procedures, this paper presents an engineering definition and classification method. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Particle Flow Code in Earth Pressures against a Cylindrical Wall CHEN Guozhou 2014, 28 (1):  94-97.  Abstract ( 1812 )   Save Based on the Distinct Element Method, the commercial program PFC3D was used to evaluate the earth pressures of sand acting on the cylindrical wall with various wall displacement magnitudes. The stress in the soil and the void ratio changes were studied when the soil reaches the active limit state. The results show that the earth pressures acting on the cylindrical wall decreases with a small displacement of the cylindrical wall. When the soil mass reaches the active limit state, the earth pressures remain constant. A trajectory of the minor principal stress was formed due to the principal stress rotation induced by the wallsoil friction under the active limit state. The circumferential stress increases and the void ratio decreases as a result of the forming of an arching effect near the wall for a low h. With the increase of height, the effect of arching effect decreases. The comparison between the numerical simulation results and the theoretical solutions show that the theoretical solutions are not consistent with the numerical simulation results since the arching effect is not considered in all theoretical solutions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Tensile Strength Tests on Remolded Expansive Soil Samples DONG Dong, XIAO Minggui, TAN Bo, YANG Changqing 2014, 28 (1):  98-100.  Abstract ( 2036 )   Save The split tensile tests were performed on four (4) different remolded expansive soil samples. The relationships of the measured tensile strength varying with dry densities and moisture contents. With the increase of moisture content, the measured strength values of all four types of expansive soils increase and then decrease with moisture contents. At a moisture content of 13% and a dry density of 1.7 g/cm3, the tensile strength of all four types of expansive soil samples reaches the peak value. The fissure development in the samples is found to be related to the number of dryingwetting cycles. The tensile strength of the expansive soil is an important index of evaluating the fissure development in the soil samples. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Ultrasonic Level Testing Method in Cracking Detection of an Aqueduct Project QIN Xinyou1, LI Xianglong1, CHEN Lin2 2014, 28 (1):  101-103.  Abstract ( 2112 )   Save Concrete cracks are commonly found in the aqueduct construction projects due to various adverse factors, such as, difference in loading conditions, temperature change, shrinkage of materials, rusty of steel reinforcement bars, swell induced by frozen and poor construction quality, etc. For cracks occurred at the concrete surface, the conventional mitigation methods are: applying an organic paint cover, patching at surface or grouting at the cracks. The ultrasonic level testing is usually used to compare the sonic velocity changes before and after the treatment. The accurate measurement of the sonic velocity changes before and after concrete surface treatment is important for the effectiveness of the cracking mitigation work. The common ultrasonic testing are: level testing, side testing and borehole sonic testing. This paper presents a case history of ultrasonic level testing application in the concrete cracking checking in an aqueduct construction project. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Dilatometer in Shenyang Area ZHAO Zhonghua 2014, 28 (1):  104-106.  Abstract ( 1212 )   Save This paper discusses the dilatometer test results in Shenyang area. The objective of these tests is providing verification results of dilatometer in the classification of Shenyang soils. The Shenyang soil parameters, such as, material index Id, horizontal stress index Kd, are obtained throughout these tests. The empirical relationships between material index Id and soil classification, unit weight as well as compression modulus in the vertical direction are developed. It is concluded that the lateral subgrade reaction modulus can be reasonably estimated by using the approach that is proposed by Tang Shidong. The comparative testing results conclude that the dilatometer is a technique that can be applied in Shenyang soils. This study also provides reliable data for the local soil design code preparations. Related Articles | Metrics