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20 August 2013, Volume 27 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Braced Excavation Supporting System for Inverse Construction ZHANG Dongdong 2013, 27 (4):  1-4.  Abstract ( 2087 )   Save This paper provides a case study on the braced excavation for the air shaft between Xinzhuang Station and Municipal Government Station of Nangjing Metro Line 3.  Inverse construction was proposed for the excavation.  Numerical analysis was performed to obtain the stresses within the support system under the most critical load combination during construction and after the air shaft is in service.  The design of the reinforcement in the diaphragm wall, ring box beam, stringers and bottom slab was performed based on the results of the numerical analysis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Applicability the Construction Technology of Self-Setting Mortar Wall LIU Qingwen 2013, 27 (4):  5-8.  Abstract ( 1726 )   Save After a screening process based on construction situation, applicability, economy, construction efficiency,and effectiveness,selfsetting mortar wall was selected for the cutoff wall of underground construction of Nanjing Youth Olympic Axis. Experiments were performed to study the characteristics of selfsetting mortar with different mix ratios.After analyzing the construction process, key issues related to quality control of selfsetting mortar wall construction, specifically the water proofing quality,was resolved. Related Articles | Metrics

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Combination of the PHC Pipe Piles and the Soil Nails in a Deep Excavation CHEN Tongcun,WANG Luanxue 2013, 27 (4):  9-11.  Abstract ( 2184 )   Save This paper presents a case study of the combination of Prestressed High Strength Concrete (PHC) pile piles and the soil nails in supporting a deep excavation for a depressed square in Guangzhou City. The selection of the supporting scheme, construction techniques and the critical points during the installation are also introduced. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Combination Excavation Support System in Soft Soils of the Yangtze River Floodplain CHENG Wenruo 2013, 27 (4):  12-16.  Abstract ( 1701 )   Save Under the complicated geotechnical and hydrological conditions, a deep excavation site at the floodplain of Yangtze River was successfully supported by a combination of cement mixed columns, micro piles as well as the soil nails. Related Articles | Metrics

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Blasting Demolition of Cutoff Wall for a Downstream Transverse Earth-Rock Cofferdam in Second Phase Construction of Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station LIU Kan1,PEI Weixing2，LIU Tao3，LI Mingsong1,XIAO Qingsong1 2013, 27 (4):  17-19.  Abstract ( 1818 )   Save The blasting program, parameter selection, blasting network and security measures of the cutoff wall demolition project of downstream transverse earthrock cofferdam in the secondstage project in Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station are introduced. The quality and safety control difficulty of flyrock from cutoff wall blasting was increased on account of the excavation of rockfill materials upstream. We ensured the quality and safety of the blasting construction by means of the strict implementation of the blasting program. Related Articles | Metrics

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TBM Tunneling Under Rivers, Ditches and Other Poor Geological Conditions WANG Yanxia, ZHANG Yuelin 2013, 27 (4):  20-22.  Abstract ( 1905 )   Save A sudden groundwater gushed into a tunnel which was under construction by using Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) in a large water project.Approximately, the 50 liters/sec or 180 cubic meters/hour groundwater along the "thick debris flow material" consisting of with the running sand, gravel and yellow clay slurries trapped the TBM. Due to the large groundwater recharge area, the groundwater intrusions would last long time if the hazard was not engineering mitigated. The mitigation measure was a combination of plugging the front surface in the tunnel; drilling the investigation borings from the ground surface and the cement grouting of the surrounding rock mass to ensure the tunnel safety.This case history of a successful TBM tunneling technique underneath the ancient river, ditch and other poor geological conditions is one of the first constructions in the similar conditions in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Ultimate Settlement Analyses of the Testing Area for a Soil Improvement Project WANG Kun，XIE Wandong, LIN Yougao 2013, 27 (4):  23-26.  Abstract ( 1909 )   Save Three settlement analysis methods: ThreePoint, Asaoka, and Hyperbolic, are used to predict the ultimate settlement of the testing area of a soil improvement project. The measured settlement values are compared with the predicted values. The empirical settlement coefficient of the test area is then obtained through the comparison and this settlement coefficient can be used for predicting the settlement magnitudes of the project. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Cement Clay Slurry in an Earth Dam Grouting WANG Yue 2013, 27 (4):  27-29.  Abstract ( 1733 )   Save The paper presents a case study of using cementclay mixture slurry for the grouting mitigation of the alkaline water leakage of an earth dam. The cementclay slurry parameters and the construction techniques are introduced in the paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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Pre-Split Blasting in the Cut of the Final Slope of Zijinshan Open-Pit Gold-Copper Mine LI Hongwen 2013, 27 (4):  30-33.  Abstract ( 1887 )   Save The open-pit slopes in Zijinshan Gold-Copper Mine have the characteristics of various heights, steep slope angles, and high degrees of weathering. Maintaining the stability of these slopes during the blasting is one of the aspects in mining operation that needs to pay special attention. In order to reach the optimum effect of the pre-split-ballasting, the blasting parameters and their affecting factors are systematically studied in this paper. The blasting results are satisfactory. Related Articles | Metrics

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Slope stability analysis of the right bank approach channel of the Big Cane Gorge hydraulic project SHE Xiaoguang, REN Guangxue, YANG Xiaohan, DING Xudong 2013, 27 (4):  34-36.  Abstract ( 2184 )   Save The slopes right shipgate approach channel at the Big Cane Gorge Hydraulic Project is a relatively steep incline slope. The stability of the rock mass is poor due to the soft layers sandwiched among the hard rock strata. It is anticipated that the rock mass stability will worsen and might result in the operational safety after the excavation of the leading edge of channel. The serious safety concern results in the additional investigation and testing of this slope. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Slope Stability Evaluation of Block A, Longquan Residential Development in Chongqing Li Yi,LIU Qinghu, SHI Shanyi 2013, 27 (4):  37-39.  Abstract ( 2212 )   Save The proposed sevenstory residential building in Block A of Longquan Residential Development is to be constructed at a fresh historical landslide site. Based on the development plan, the existing slope will be steepened. The stability aspects of the existing slope and the steepened slope are evaluated based on the investigation of the geological conditions, slope topography and the structural aspects of the sliding surface. The possible failure modes are determined. The analytical results indicate that, 1) The existing slope is stable with a factor of safety between 1.0 and 1.2. 2) The safety of the steepened slope could not meet the code requirement and the slope stabilization mitigation is required. 3) The slope construction should be monitored. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Design Example of a High-Cut Slope Mitigation Project in Wushan County SONG Guilin, XIAO Shirong, GUAN Hongfei, MING Chengtao 2013, 27 (4):  40-43.  Abstract ( 2233 )   Save Due to the demanding of the lands for the Three Gorger Reservoir immigrants after the reservoir impounding, numerous high cut slopes have been formed. Many of these high cut slopes have potential safety hazards and might threaten the infrastructures, buildings and even life of the newly formed towns. This paper presents a case study of the stability evaluation of a highcut slope at the east end of the Longmen Bridge, which is located at the northeast of City of Wushan County. This slope was remediated with a combination of several engineering slope stability mitigation measures: cut slope + reinforced concrete grid protection + anchored wire mesh with shotcrete + stone masonry retaining wall + engineered drainages. The stability and the safety forecast of this slope are analyzed by using both limit equilibrium and the engineering analog methods. Related Articles | Metrics

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Slope Stability Analysis of a Gas Well Site in Chongqing GUO Chunsong, ZHU Hancheng 2013, 27 (4):  44-46.  Abstract ( 2220 )   Save The gas well site in Chongqing is located at the top of a rolling hill.  A landslide occurred after several heavy rains since 2011. Within the landslide affected area, the deflection at the retaining walls, cracks on the vertical fence walls, and subsidence on the ground surface are observed. The landslide is a very common geohazard in the region. The slope instability hazard will not only adversely affect the gas extraction, but also infers a potential safety concerns for the site personnel and construction and even causes a huge loss of both property and human life.This paper presents the twodimensional finite element method applied in the slope stability evaluation based on the characteristics of the geological and subsurface conditions of the site. Related Articles | Metrics

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Stability Analysis for Slope No.3 at Sichuan Phosphorus-Sulfur-Chemical Plant in Dazhou SONG Xu 2013, 27 (4):  47-50.  Abstract ( 1907 )   Save The Slope No 3 is a man-made permanent high slope at the Wengfu Phosphorus-Sulfur Chemical Plant in Dazhou.This slope is a typical way that created for the need of building construction site.The failure modes and their potential stability problems are analyzed in this paper.The instability mitigation measures are also recommended. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Application of Frames with Pre-stressed Ground Anchors as the High Slope Support System LI Lifeng1, ZHANG Qing2 2013, 27 (4):  51-54.  Abstract ( 1954 )   Save Frame structure with prestressed cables as an effective supporting system in the slope stability remediation has been widely applied in the construction. This paper introduces the stability evaluation methods in soil and rock slopes. The approaches of estimating the number as well as the length of ground anchors in the frame system are presented. The stress analysis of the frame structures are based on the Winkler's elastic foundation theory. A case history of a slope in Bijie City, Guizhou illustrates the application of this method. The stability of this slope as well as the design parameters of the frame system are presented in the paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction Techniques of Submerged Drilling for Cast-in-Place Piles at Yellow River Floodplains HE Xiaojun 2013, 27 (4):  55-57.  Abstract ( 1758 )   Save The construction sequence of a reinforced concrete castinpace pile is to open a hole at the proposed pile location, place the rebar cage into the hole and then place the concrete. This technique receives a wide application due to its relatively matured construction technique, reliable quality, low cost, high bearing capacity as well as applicable to a wide range of soil strata. This paper presents a case study of the installation of castinpace piles for a pipeline project in Yellow River Floodplains. The construction results of the submerged reinforced castinplace concrete piles in these soil strata are also introduced. Related Articles | Metrics

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Key Technology Research of underground rock anchor beam construction FANG Yuanshan 2013, 27 (4):  58-61.  Abstract ( 2057 )   Save Rock anchor beam construction requires the knowledge of controlled blasting, rock anchors, concrete and monitoring of surrounding rock deformation. It has been widely applied to underground powerhouses for pumped storage hydropower stations and the canyon hydropower stations. The effectiveness and longterm safe operation of the beam and surrounding rock depends on the integrity of the rock bench molding quality, anchoring quality, stability of the surrounding rock and beam structures. Based on the engineering experience from relevant projects both completed and under construction, the author believes that it is crucial to perform insitu testing, and realtime monitoring of the construction, and increase technology management measures. Related Articles | Metrics

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Remediation of an Expressway Landslide Remediation with Hand Dug Caissons FAN Yongfeng1, ZHENG Huamao2 2013, 27 (4):  62-65.  Abstract ( 2222 )   Save Through the analysis of geological features of an expressway landslide area, the hand dug caisson was selected as the slide mitigation measure. The construction deformations were monitored using the measuring points located based on the adjacent typical topography features. The alarming deformation threshold values were also determined for the risk forecasting. The monitoring results proved effectiveness of the hand dug caisson. Related Articles | Metrics

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Case Studies of the Underwater Construction Techniques of Rock-Socketed Steel Pipe Piles FAN Jinguang1， ZHANG Junjuan1， LI Chaoxiong2 2013, 27 (4):  66-69.  Abstract ( 3445 )   Save Compared to the normal pile foundation, implanted rocksocketed steel pipe piles can provied better bending and pullout resistance.The project of Ningbo GangXin Oriental Fuel Provision Company,is located in Beilun Dstrict of Ningbo.Totally 106 were constructed in this project,34 of them are implanted rocksocketed steel pipe piles.The maximum saket length is 20m underwater,being disturbed by the waterflow,the constructiong is very difficult. Therefore lots of methods have been taken to assure the quality of it.This paper summarizes the construction program and the process of implanted rocksocketed steel pipe piles in this project ,thich could provide a reference for similar projects. Related Articles | Metrics

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Deep Excavation Design for an Underground Parking Garage ZHANG Aiwei, WANG Jieguang, WANG Pu 2013, 27 (4):  70-73.  Abstract ( 2339 )   Save The objective of the excavation support system is to provide safe construction and groundwater free spaces for the main structures installations. The lateral earth pressures during the unloading process and the pore pressures are transferred to the supporting system. This temporary retaining structure provides a safe guard to the adjacent structures and utilities during the construction. This paper presents a case study of a deep excavation of the underground parking garage structures. The deep excavation type selection process and the design analysis are introduced. The change of the stresses in the soil mass during the excavation is monitored by the finite element analysis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Soil Replacement Ratio of Grid Distributed Columns Calculation in CADD QING Jing, LU Wei, ZHAO Yun 2013, 27 (4):  74-75.  Abstract ( 2414 )   Save This paper introduces an accurate method of calculating the soil replacement ratio (m value) of both single and double row grid distributed columns of composite ground in the soil improvement projects. The m value can also be obtained in CADD. The results indicate that the accuracy of m value is governed by the selection of the representative composite soil elements and the section area of the columns (As). Through the CADD commands of "Boundary" and "Area", the column section area can be easily calculated. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Seismic Response of Metro Station Structure with Shallow depth LV Gaofeng1,2, SUN Xingliang3 2013, 27 (4):  76-79.  Abstract ( 1920 )   Save Using a general FEM program, complete instantaneous dynamic analysis was performed for a metro station constructed with by pilebeamarch (PBA) method, a structure type which is common in metro station construction. Dynamic response of the metro station structure was obtained through seismic wave input at base of structure. From the time history curves of key nodes of the structure, the response of internal forces coincide with the peak value of internal force. The bending moment diagrams of structure at peak time shows that the maximum bending moments in the bottom slab take place at corners, and the maximum axial forces take place at both ends of the arch, while the magnitudes of the maximum values are relatively low. The results indicated that this metro station structure can remain safe under an earthquake intensity of 7 degree in Shenyang region. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the Ground Deformations Induced by the Shielded Tunneling in Soft Soils XU Xueyong1,2, FAN Yanqiang1, SONG Qingxiao3, HUANG Qiang1， YU Yanming1 2013, 27 (4):  80-82.  Abstract ( 2262 )   Save Shielded tunneling in the soft soils will induce the disturbance in soil strata, change the original stress conditions as well as break the initial equilibrium state. As a result, the ground surface will settle with various magnitudes. The analysis of the ground surface deformation is important to a safe tunneling construction. This paper presents a case history of a shielded tunneling project underneath a seawall. The ground deformations are monitored and numerically simulated. The maximum observed deformation is 8.8 mm whereas a maximum of 9.2 mm ground settlement is numerically predicted. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Continued Effect of Sand-Wick Drains on Post-Construction Foundation Stability in Soft Soils GUO Wanli1,3, REN Lijian1, SHI Hongsen2, CHEN Honglin1 2013, 27 (4):  83-85.  Abstract ( 2246 )   Save This paper provides an introduction to main design parameters and engineering properties of the sandwick drains. It summarizes the effects the design parameters on postconstruction behavior of the foundation in soft clay.  The results indicate that the sandwick drains are most effective during construction.  They can continue to improve the subgrade stability of the postconstruction foundation to a certain extent, but the effect on improving the bearing capacity and reducing total settlement of postconstruction foundation is negligible. No environmental pollution from the sandwick drains were detected during longterm monitoring. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Corrosion Study of the Groundwater on an Underground Concrete Structure in Zhanjiang LIU Xiaoyan 2013, 27 (4):  86-88.  Abstract ( 1836 )   Save This paper presents a case history of the corrosion study of the groundwater on an underground concrete structure in the coastal area of Zhanjiang. Usually, the groundwater in the coastal area is medium to strong corrosion to the concrete; however, the some chemicals in the groundwater serve retarders for the rate of the sulfate crystallization process. This retard process creates a favorable condition for the corrosion.The comprehensive analysis on the groundwater indicates that the groundwater has only weak corrosion to the concrete structures. Related Articles | Metrics

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Unsaturated Soil Mechanics Approach to the Effect on Precipitation on the Slope Stability CHEN Guoguo, XU Mingbin 2013, 27 (4):  89-91.  Abstract ( 2546 )   Save This paper first briefly introduces the principles of seepage in the unsaturated soils. Then, a case history is presented to analyze the effect of the precipitation on the stability of the slopes. The distribution of the pore pressures along the slopes is numerical simulated. A new slope stability analysis approach is presented by introducing the matric suction into the stability analysis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Modeling tunnel excavation with coupled seepage and stress fields LIU Tianyu 2013, 27 (4):  92-95.  Abstract ( 2172 )   Save Numerical analysis using coupled seepage and stress fields was performed to model the tunnel excavation at the Hongshigou tunnel project.  The analysis indicated a significant increase in stress and deformation in the rock due to the consideration of seepage.  Therefore, it is important to consider the effect of coupled seepage effect on excavation and lining design. Related Articles | Metrics

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Improved Method in Pre-stressed Ground Anchor Modeling and its Numerical Verification GUAN Haofei 2013, 27 (4):  96-99.  Abstract ( 1864 )   Save The effect of the ground anchor in the large slope stability application is usually underestimated. To improve the estimation in the slope remediation projects, a new approach that considering the bending moment capacity of the anchor is presented. The numerical simulation results indicate that, before the slope excavation, both models that with/without bending moment capacity have the same performance. After the slope excavation, the ground anchors that considering bending moment effects are significantly different from the other models. The new model has significant effect on the reduction of the plastic zone development and minor principal stresses and restriction of the slope deformations. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Behavior of Pile Groups under Cyclic Lateral Loads CHEN Sanshan, CHEN Feng 2013, 27 (4):  100-103.  Abstract ( 1926 )   Save This paper presents a summary of a literature review on models and theories on soilpile interaction under cyclic lateral loads and how loads influence on the stiffness of pile group. Furthermore, the interaction effect in pile groups such as load distribution among the piles, group efficiency and its effect on pile axial capacity are discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on Commonly Encountered Problems during Geotechnical Investigation YAN Zhiqiang1, CAI Shouzhi2 2013, 27 (4):  104-106.  Abstract ( 1922 )   Save This paper provides comprehensive answers to commonly encountered problems during geotechnical investigation, which are related to both field condition and code requirement. Related Articles | Metrics

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Active Earth Pressures on a Retaining Wall with PreexistedSegmental Linear Slip Surfaces KE Caitong1, PENG Dongqin2, CHEN Yibo1 2013, 27 (4):  107-109.  Abstract ( 2297 )   Save Based on the Coulomb's Earth Pressure theory, the total forces, stress distribution, and the location of the concentrated force acting on a retaining wall with preexisted segmental linear slip surfaces are estimated by using differential element method on the parallel slip surface. This approach also improves the active earth pressure estimation method of single linear slip surface that defined in the current code. The results indicate that, under segmental linear slip cracks, change of the location of the corner of slip lines and the angle between lines will result in an increase of the active pressures. When the segmental linear slip surface becomes a single slip line, the earth pressure is the same as the value defined in the current design code. Related Articles | Metrics

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Axial Capacity Evaluations for Drill and Cast-In-Place Piles WANG Pu, WANG Jieguang, ZHANG Aiwei 2013, 27 (4):  110-112.  Abstract ( 1744 )   Save The Drill and CastInPlace pile is a popular deep foundation type. This paper introduces the single pile axial capacity estimation methods for this pile type through a case history. Related Articles | Metrics

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Simulation of Dynamic Compaction of Soft SoilsSimulation of Dynamic Compaction of Soft Soils ZHANG Xiaopeng 2013, 27 (4):  113-116.  Abstract ( 2046 )   Save Numerical analysis was performed to simulate the process of dynamic compaction on soft soil foundation.  The analysis studied the effect of different combinations of drop height and ram while maintaining the same impact energy. Stress and displacement of the soft soil foundation during dynamic compaction can be accurately predicted using numerical analysis. Related Articles | Metrics

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An Application of the Beam on Elastic Foundation Method in the Deep Excavation ZHOU Shaoyuan1, LI Qilin1, JIANG Wenyu2, LIU Fabiao1 2013, 27 (4):  117-120.  Abstract ( 2578 )   Save This paper presents a case study of a deep excavation design in a building in Chengdu. The application of the beam on elastic foundation method in the deep excavation design as well as the internal force estimation is introduced. The stability of the excavation is evaluated by using Bishop Method. Various methods are used to estimate the excavation induced ground settlement. Both advantages and disadvantage aspects of the beam on elastic foundation method in the deep excavation design are also discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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3-D FEM Analysis on the Corner Effect of Deep Excavation PI Chongbin1, WANG Yong2 2013, 27 (4):  121-124.  Abstract ( 1985 )   Save The corner effect has a significant effect on the deformation of the supporting system for the rectangular shaped deep excavation sites. The critical aspect ratio of the excavation site and the corner effect on the deformation influence zone are studied by 3 dimensional finite element analyses.  The deformations of various dimensions of supporting systems are also numerically analyzed. The results indicate when the aspect ratio of a rectangular excavation is greater than the critical aspect ratio, the deformation distribution pattern, earth pressures on the supporting structures, and the magnitude of heaves at the bottom of the excavation, are approaching to the constant values and will not change with the variation of the aspect ratio. The corner effect limits the deformation of the supporting system. Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of the Moisture Characteristic Curves of Red Clay and its Model Testing WANG Huajun1, XU Wenqiang2 2013, 27 (4):  125-127.  Abstract ( 1792 )   Save The moisture characteristic curves of red clay samples with different dry densities: 1.20 g/cm3, 1.31 g/cm3 and 1.42 g/cm3 are measured through soil pressure plates.  The results validate that there is a significant impact of dry density on the moisture characteristic curves. With the decreasing of the volumetric moisture content, the matric suction increases with a reducing magnitude before reaching a constant value. The Van Genuchten model can successfully simulate the tested moisture characteristic curves. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationships Between the Compaction Passes and the Shear Strength Indices of Red Mud Cakes CHEN Xuemei 2013, 27 (4):  128-130.  Abstract ( 2106 )   Save When the moisture content near the optimum content, the required number of compaction pass of red mud cakes using SD22S compactor reaching the 90% and 95% degrees of compaction is studied. The shear strength indices of the compacted red mud cakes are also tested. The testing results show that, when the loose lift thickness is 0.5 m, the required number of passes is 4 and 6, respectively. The number of compaction passes becomes 6 and 8, respectively when the loose lift thickness is 1.0 m. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of the Nondestructive Testing in Highway Projects GUO Xiaoshuai, JIA Yakun 2013, 27 (4):  131-133.  Abstract ( 1787 )   Save Based on the basic principles, technical features, and main applications of various highway nondestructive testing, this paper presents the nondestructive testing technique applications in the highway construction and maintenance and their future development trends. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Rayleigh Wave in the Quality Assurance of Bank Protection Projects ZHONG Peiyi1, WU Meihong2 2013, 27 (4):  134-137.  Abstract ( 1560 )   Save The concrete and masonry structures are the major elements in the bank protection projects. The conventional quality assurance measures for these elements are either ultrasonic nondestructive testing or the destructive open excavation. This paper presents a case history of using Rayleigh Wave Method detecting these structures. The test results and evaluation criteria are also presented in the paper. Related Articles | Metrics