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20 December 2012, Volume 26 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Application of Dynamic Replacement of Mucky Soils in the Deep Excavation Support CHENG Shilei 2012, 26 (6):  1-3.  Abstract ( 2312 )   Save The dynamic replacement technique as the deep excavation support is a new soil engineering technology. The basic principles, construction sequence as well as the technical control standards of this technology are discussed in this paper. In addition, the successful application of this method in a deep excavation support of a nuclear power plant is also presented. It is found that the results are effective and satisfactory. The results in this paper can provide references for similar projects. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of a New Drilling Method in the Concrete Diaphragm Wall Construction DING Hongyuan，ZHAO Liang 2012, 26 (6):  4-7.  Abstract ( 2211 )   Save The geological conditions at the pumpedstorage power plant in Huizhou City are very complicated. Difficulties were encountered during the construction of concrete diaphragm walls. A different drilling method, namely, drilling and impacting method, was used after the construction difficulties were encountered. The post construction test boring and Ground Penetration Radar survey indicated that his method was proved to be successful and the design requirements were achieved. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Pre-support Horizontal Jet Grout in the Tunnel Support in Shenzhen Metro ZHONG Youxin，DING Rui 2012, 26 (6):  8-10.  Abstract ( 2228 )   Save The paper introduces the application of the horizontal jet grout in the tunnel support of Shenzhen Metro Project. The techniques of maintaining the grout pressure at the top of borehole and the horizontal borehole direction control are also introduced. Related Articles | Metrics

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Metro Station Under Complex Karst Conditions ZHANG Zhenzhong1， CHEN Zhanfeng1, XIANG Juan2 2012, 26 (6):  11-14.  Abstract ( 2454 )   Save The karst features and soil cavities are welldeveloped along Yongtai Station of North Extension of Guangzhou Metro Line 3. The potential ground collapses might have an adverse effect on the stability of the foundations and stability of the rail alignments. The soils between the limestone pinnacles and in the rock cavities have poor engineering properties and require strengthening. Based on the rock and soil cavity investigation, it is recommended two different improvement methods to be adopted: For cavities with a height greater than two meters, the structural sand is filled by sand blown method followed by the grouting with sleeve casing method; for smaller cavities, the cased grouting method is directly used. The core boring and SPT N values obtained after the construction indicated that the results are satisfactory. Related Articles | Metrics

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Shanghang Zijinshan Landslide Mitigation Design SUN Wenchao, FAN Xiufeng, HUANG Zhen 2012, 26 (6):  15-17.  Abstract ( 2582 )   Save This paper presents the case history of the mitigation design of Shanghang Zijinshan landslide. The geotechnical as well as the environmental conditions of the distressed slope are reviewed. The stability of the slope is also analyzed. The proposed mitigation design protects the safety of buildings at the toe of the slope and is also proved to be a cost effective improvement method. Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and Monitoring of Deep Excavation of Suzhou Jiaotong Bank Building WU Yang1,2, WANG Baojun1, PANG Youshi3, KE Jiewei4 2012, 26 (6):  18-21.  Abstract ( 2537 )   Save Thick layers of soil clay and silty clay are presented underneath the proposed deep excavation site of Suzhou Jiaotong Bank building.  Based on the subsurface conditions and surrounding environments, the combination of soldier pile and diaphragm wall is selected as the excavation supporting structure. The deep excavation was monitored during the construction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Soil Nailing Wall as Supporting Structures of Deep Excavation in Mucky Soils HOU Xingli, CHEN Jianxun, DING Yong 2012, 26 (6):  22-23.  Abstract ( 2421 )   Save This paper introduces the design method of using soil nail wall as the deep excavation supporting in the mucky soils. Different soil nail wall design parameters are selected based on the different locations and the thickness of the mucky soils. This method is proved as a cost effective and fast construction approach. Related Articles | Metrics

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Slope Supporting Structure Design and Construction of a 500 kV Transformer Substation CAI Hanjun1, MEI Tao2 2012, 26 (6):  24-26.  Abstract ( 2182 )   Save This paper presents a case study of the geotechnical investigation of a 500 kV electricity transformer substation. The geotechnical and hydrological conditions, especially slope supporting parameters of the site are characterized throughout the insitu and laboratory tests.  The most cost effective retaining structure is predominantly the buttress type with gravity wall at some locations. The construction and monitoring aspects of the supporting structures are also introduced in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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Issues Encountered in the Jacked PHC Pile Installation YE Yongsheng1, SHI Yuxi2 2012, 26 (6):  27-29.  Abstract ( 2167 )   Save This paper presents the issues that encountered in the jacked Prestressed High Strength Concrete (PHC) pile for a highraised building. These abnormal problems, such as, pile shaft burst due to excessive compression pressure; broken pile head; significantly higher than the target pile tip elevation as well as burst of groundwater after the pile installation, are discussed in the paper.  Measures that mitigate these abnormals are also proposed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analyses and Mitigations of a Tunnel Collapse in Loess HUANG Yunzhang, LIU Chunlong, ZHANG Qun, ZHENG Yuhao 2012, 26 (6):  30-33.  Abstract ( 2714 )   Save This paper presents a case study of mitigating a collapsed tunnel. At the collapsed area, the open excavation and unloading were first performed followed immediately by the installation of the tunnel liner. When the reconstructed tunnel was past the distressed area, the original tunneling method could be resumed. The paper also analyzes the possible factors that could contribute the collapse. In addition to the adverse subsurface conditions, the safety alert level among the construction personnel may also be the problem. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mitigation of Groundwater Intrusions in Broken Rock Mass in Tunnel Construction LI Fangdong 2012, 26 (6):  34-37.  Abstract ( 2652 )   Save Large continuous broken rock mass in the fault area is one of the adverse geological conditions in the tunnel construction. Geohazards such as large scale collapse, groundwater intrusion, are prone to occur under this condition. This paper presents a case history of the groundwater intrusion mitigation in the construction of left tunnel of Longtan Tunnel.  The construction techniques that were used in this mitigation are summarized in the paper. Further, the groundwater movement is simulated with numerical analysis. The evacuation route is also optimized through the numerical analysis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Stability Analysis of a Manmade Mining Slope NING Guoli, WANG Xiaotao, CHEN Guoyou 2012, 26 (6):  38-41.  Abstract ( 1872 )   Save A manmade high slope at the edge of a floatation ore processing plant was formed by the mining excavation. The slope was identified having accelerated deformations and having safety hazard to the mining operation. This paper studied the impact of subsurface soil condition and precipitation on the slope stability. The mitigation measures are proposed based on the stability analyses. Related Articles | Metrics

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Engineering Properties of RockLike Soil in Wuhan XU Lei 2012, 26 (6):  42-44.  Abstract ( 2022 )   Save This paper discusses the engineering properties of rocklike soils in Wuhan. The geotechnical design parameters are also discussed based on the case histories. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of Visual Program Design of Speckle Correlation Method BAI Yiru1, FENG Chuanyu2 2012, 26 (6):  45-48.  Abstract ( 1904 )   Save The speckle correlation method is an optical method measuring the displacement. The initial and the deformed speckles of the model surface are taken，and the displacement can be obtained by the digital image process technology. The software is designed for the ease of operation throughout the visualization. The user can easily choose the target areas and different searching windows. The intervals of the output points can be easily adjusted. The graphical pixels can be converted into the actual length and the Y axis can be changed to opposite direction. Displacement results are preserved in text format, and documents can be easily opened. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Impact of Hidden Faults on the Ground Surface Damage in the Seismic Events ZHAN Jinlin 2012, 26 (6):  49-51.  Abstract ( 2353 )   Save The large cities on the plains are often located above the geological faults. The evaluation of these faults with different bedrock types and different overburden soil thickness is very important in the civil engineering. The performance of the soils above the faults under the static seismic conditions is modeled in this paper by using the finite element approach. The objective of the analyses is to real the impact of the bedrock faults on the damage area of the overburden soil during the seismic events. A total of 60 different combinations of faults with different inclination angles and under different earthquake magnitudes are analyzed. Related Articles | Metrics

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The original foundation settlement of simple calculation method on high fill airport CHEN Jiaxing, HAN Wenxi 2012, 26 (6):  52-53.  Abstract ( 1883 )   Save This paper presents a case history of monitoring the performance of high fill embankments in an airport construction in southwest China. A simplified settlement estimation of the soils underneath the high fill embankment is also proposed. Based on the normally consolidated, underconsolidated and overconsolidated status of original soils, the compression modulus and the settlement of soils under three states are determined.  The compression modulus Es and the empirical coefficient ψs are also back analyzed by using the monitored data. Related Articles | Metrics

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Surrounding Rock Mass Deformation of Tunnel in Loess Constructed Using Three-Benches-Seven-Steps Excavation Method LU Gang 2012, 26 (6):  54-58.  Abstract ( 2433 )   Save The construction practice indicates that the good results could be achieved of large cross section tunnels constructed using ThreeBenches and SevenSteps tunnel excavation method. The change of stress and deformation within the rock mass during each step in the tunnel excavation has an important impact on the construction safety, supporting selection and construction quality control. It might also affect the stress in the lining structures after the construction. The case history of a large cross section tunnel construction in Xiangyangchun during Contract Two of Taixin Railway Line is presented. The Grade V rock mass improvement was required during tunneling. During the construction, the tunnel was instrumented using pressure cells, strain gages. The stress and deformation of the rock mass as well as the steel arch supported are monitored. The tunnel excavation sequence using SevenSteps method was also simulated by using finite difference software. The shell elements were used to simulate the initial supports. The deformation of the surrounding rock mass and the stress change of the supporting structures during the construction are determined by both instrumentation and numerical analysis. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Scaffold Form Design for the CastInPlace Reinforced Continuous Concrete Beams ZHANG Yuchao1, LI Jianning2, LI Jun2 2012, 26 (6):  59-61.  Abstract ( 2362 )   Save The scaffold form design is critical for the quality and safety of the castinplace reinforced continuous concrete beams. This paper presents a case study of the scaffold form design and supporting system selection throughout the commercial finite element software. The structural strength of each supporting element has been checked and the design of the scaffold form is consistent with the current construction code requirement. Related Articles | Metrics

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A New Approach of Understanding the Mechanism of Column Soil Composite System YANG Liu1， WANG Lifang2， ZHANG Weiyuan1, HOU Huijin1 2012, 26 (6):  62-64.  Abstract ( 2118 )   Save Soil pressure cells were installed directly under the cementmixed soil column and the surrounding soils in the plate static loading tests. The ratio of the vertical stress on the column over the stress on the adjacent soils is therefore obtained. The stress ratio change and the ultimate bearing capacity of the composite ground can be obtained throughout the loadsettlement relationship during the static plate loading tests. This approach is a new way of improving the understanding of the mechanism between the cement mixed columns and the soils. Related Articles | Metrics

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Geological Hazards and Mitigation Methods in Highway Reconstruction after Wenchuan Earthquake JIANG Xian 2012, 26 (6):  65-69.  Abstract ( 1855 )   Save A large earthquake measured Ms=8.0 occurred on May 12, 2008 in Wenchuan County, Sichuan province. The earthquake caused a huge loss of lives and properties. At the same time, the earthquake casted numerous geological hazards such as landslides, sudden subsidence, falling rocks, unstable rock masses and debris flows. These geological hazards distributed along the main earthquake fault zones, main rivers, and valleys. Their features can be characterized as large quantity, high density and complicated types. The basic types of geological hazards are described in this paper. The main features of each were analyzed. It is concluded that, the geological hazards are still a high incidence in the last 3 to 5 years under the impact of rainfall and other adverse conditions. It will gradually become a relatedly low frequency 10 years later. The evolution trend of debris flow is that its activity intensity becomes from rapidly increase to progressively dormant. The active periods and dormant periods of debris flow alternate. The basic principles of postearthquake highway alignment selection are proposed in the paper. Some mitigation methods are also proposed for each geological hazard. Related Articles | Metrics

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FLAC3DAnalyses of Anchored Soldier Pile and Lagging Combined with Soil Nailed Walls HOU Huijin1, LIANG Zhenxi1, WANG Baoshi1 2012, 26 (6):  70-72.  Abstract ( 2297 )   Save This paper presents a case history of numerical analysis of an anchored soldier pile and lagging combined with soil nailed wall for the support of a deep excavation by using FLAC3D. The numerical analysis results have been verified by an actual construction project. Related Articles | Metrics

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Factors Triggering the Frequent Occurrence of Landslides in Enshi Tujia Miao Autonomous Prefecture PAN Tengfei, ZHU Shouzeng, LI Zhi 2012, 26 (6):  73-75.  Abstract ( 2434 )   Save The statistics show that, on an average, over a hundred landslide related hazards occur in Enshi TujiaMiao Autonomous Prefecture each year. These geohazards pose a serious threat to the safety of the local residents and their daily economical activities. This paper reviewed the local subsurface, hydrological conditions, precipitation data as well as human activities. The factors that might cause the frequent landslides are summarized. Related Articles | Metrics

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Stability Evaluations of the Surrounding Rock Mass at the Under-cut- Area in an Underground Cavern LI Lianxin1, YANG Biaoshan2 2012, 26 (6):  76-79.  Abstract ( 2167 )   Save An underground rock cavern in southern Sichuan was overexcavated during the construction. This paper presents the evaluation results of rock mass qualities at side walls and arches based on the site investigations and desk studies. The stability of the surrounding rock mass is also analyzed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Geological Investigations of Cement Production Line andKarst Features in Central South Shangdong JIANG Wenfu1, HOU Fang2, WANG Hongbo1, SUN Wenlai1, YANG Yongqiang1 2012, 26 (6):  80-83.  Abstract ( 2299 )   Save Typical regional engineering geological characteristics and karst features of the proposed six (6) large dryprocess cement production lines in the rolling hills of central south Shangdong are introduced in this paper. The Karst development features of these sites are summarized based on the test borings and test pits. The physical and mechanical properties of soils between the rock pinnacles are statistically analyzed. As a result of these analytical works, geological investigation methods in the Karst terrain are proposed. Related Articles | Metrics

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MATLAB Applications in the Digital Image Processing of Expansive Soils PAN Ke1, WEI Xuefeng2, XIAO Guiyuan1, YU Mengze1， LI Yonghao1 2012, 26 (6):  84-87.  Abstract ( 2149 )   Save The mechanical properties and crack ratio of expansive soils are closely related. The crack ratio is roughly equal to the crack ratio in a plane digital image. The MATLAB programming technique is use for the digital image processing, statistical analyses, mathematical calculation of expansive soil to obtain the crack ratio and fractal dimensions of the expansive soils. This technique provides a different approach for the quantitative analysis of the cracks in the expansive soils. Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical Studies on the Improvement of Breakwater Soft Soils Using PVD GUO Shaolong, JIANG Xuelian, LU Qun, LV Quanle 2012, 26 (6):  88-91.  Abstract ( 2312 )   Save The factors that might contribute to the weakening of the soft soils underneath the breakwater dike are discussed and the possible solutions are also presented in this paper. The improvement effect of using Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD) has been numerically analyzed. Based on the equivalent degree of consolidation, the threedimensional problem is converted into plane strain problem. The numerical analyses are validated by the insitu measurement. Related Articles | Metrics

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State of the Art and the Development of Slope Stability Analysis Methods ZHAO Shengjie, SU Jian 2012, 26 (6):  92-95.  Abstract ( 2205 )   Save This paper introduces the state of the art of slope stability analysis methods that used in China and abroad. Both advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed. The future trends of the slope stability analysis are also presented. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Borehole Diameters on the Blasting Results and Cost of Mixed Emulsion Explosives WAN Hongbin 2012, 26 (6):  96-97.  Abstract ( 1960 )   Save Taking the advantage of coupled charge of the mixed emulsion explosives, the large size borehole drill rig has cost efficiency over other smaller borehole diameters. The blasting parameters under different borehole diameters and their associated cost are compared. This paper presents the case history of blasting parameters used in the New Baima mining operation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Engineering Geologic Conditions in Wujiangling Tunnel of Dantu Highway WANG Yuanzhu 2012, 26 (6):  98-100.  Abstract ( 2331 )   Save The paper reviews the tectonic, stratigraphic and groundwater conditions that might potentially affect the construction of Wujialing Tunnel in Dantu Highway. The feasibility of the tunnel construction is also discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Studies of Soft Floodplain Soils Improved by CFG and Gravel Columns PENG Dianhua1, Bai Xiuqin2, HUANG Tao1, Wang Cunjuan3 2012, 26 (6):  101-105.  Abstract ( 2077 )   Save Combined with the geological characteristics of soft soils in the flood plain formations, the difference in the strength mechanism of using CementFly ash and Gravel (CFG) column and sandgravel column are discussed in this paper. The comparisons are made among the bearing capacity of the soils surrounding the columns, axial capacity of the single column as well as the composite capacity of columns. The bearing capacity of the soilcolumn composite ground is optimized throughout this research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Mobile Extensometer in the Static Loading Test of Concrete Pile Piles GE Chaoming 2012, 26 (6):  106-108.  Abstract ( 1783 )   Save The brief history of the mobile extensometer and its advantage is introduced in this paper. The displacement measuring mechanism and the major aspects of the operation of the mobile extensometer is described in details. A case history demonstrating the application this device in the vertical and horizontal displacement measurements in the static loading test of the concrete pipe piles are also included in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influencing Factors on the Low Strain Reflective Signals in Pile Integrity Tests ZHAO Jianhua 2012, 26 (6):  109-112.  Abstract ( 1801 )   Save This paper focuses on the dissemination problem of the low strain reflection in the wave impedance medium.  Throughout analyzing the influencing factors and echoing characters of the low strain reflection signals, etc., the analysis of more clear and distinctive signals can be achieved. The interpretation of the signal can be verified by the coring results. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Diagonal Measurement in the Control Survey for the Tunnel Construction LIU Yang1, LIN Yun2, WU Qitai1, HU Dongdong1 2012, 26 (6):  113-116.  Abstract ( 1918 )   Save The tunnel monitoring as well as surveying is an integral part of the New Austrian Method, which is very important for the determination of the primary supports and the secondary lining parameters that guiding the subsequent construction. This paper summarizes methods used in the tunnel deformation monitoring as well as control survey. It is concluded that the diagonal survey method has the advantage over other methods. Basic principles as well as the advantages of the diagonal survey method are also introduced in a case history of Shuya Tunnel construction in Huanglin. Related Articles | Metrics

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Statistical Analysis of Single hole Wave Velocity Measurements and its Application in And Geotechnical Engineering ZHU Feifei, HU Zhidong, YANG Xiaoyan 2012, 26 (6):  117-121.  Abstract ( 2407 )   Save The wave velocity measurement is an important branch of engineering geophysics and has received wide applications in the field of geotechnical engineering. The compressive and shear wave velocity measurement using suspensionhole method is fairly complicated in the result interpretation. In this paper, the formation and the propagation characteristics of the sonic wave and its measurements are introduced and discussed. The suspensionhole wave velocity measurement application in the geotechnical engineering is presented through case histories. Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of VB Version of Resistivity Database Management System in Hubei Soils ZHU Fuguang, PENG Bin, HUANG He, LIU Hui 2012, 26 (6):  122-124.  Abstract ( 2007 )   Save The resistivity database management system in Hubei Electric Power Survey and Design Institute is design to process large amount of data. A software is developed based on the Visual Basic associated in the Microsoft Access. Related Articles | Metrics

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Largediameter bored and grouted piles in marine sediments of the Red Sea JIANG Xiuling，CHI Xinxia，YANG Zhiqiang，ZHU Changqi 2012, 26 (6):  125.  Abstract ( 2184 )   Save This work presents the construction procedures and pile load test results of largediameter bored and grouted castinplace concrete piles in coral formations and carbonate sediments in the Red Sea. Construction details and difficulties involved in the process of site preparation, borings, reinforcement, concrete casting, and grouting are described and discussed. Geotechnical engineering considerations that led to the selection of this type of foundation and the conditions of the site are included. Related Articles | Metrics