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20 October 2012, Volume 26 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The Application of the Soil Nail Reinforced Slope and the Anchored Pile Structure in a Complex Deep Excavation ZHOU Peifeng1,ZHANG Yundong2 2012, 26 (5):  1-3.  Abstract ( 3446 )   Save A combination of soil nailed upper slope and anchored pile wall for the lower wall was applied to the foundation pit excavation. The proportion of upper slope and lower wall was optimized by global stability and external stability analyses.  During construction, with strict QA/QC, detailed plan for emergency response and close field instrumentation, the monitored movement of the slope and the wall was kept below target value. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Arch Beam with Internal Supporting Structures in Deep Excavation in Soft Soils ZENG Huajian， WU Chuanqing，RAO Yundong，SHI Lin 2012, 26 (5):  4-6.  Abstract ( 2173 )   Save With the increasing complicity of adjacent environment of deep excavations in the urban area, structures with internal supporting systems receive a wider application. The arch beam system is among the most popular type due to its excellent load transfer and wide working zone. This paper presents a case history of using a semicircular ring truss system combined with the soil nail wall in the deep excavation in soft soils in Zhongshan. The characteristics of this supporting structure are also introduced. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Diagonal Braces in the Emergency Response of a Deep Excavation LI Suchun， YUAN Yuntao 2012, 26 (5):  7-9.  Abstract ( 2441 )   Save Failure occurred during the excavation of a foundation pit, due to the lack of detailed analysis of surrounding environment prior to and excavation and the lack of field monitoring in process of excavation. This paper describes the emergency treatment by using diagonal brace and hidden beam. Related Articles | Metrics

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This paper introduces the application of preloaded underpinning piles in the settlement mitigation of a large sculpture structure. The factors that caused foundation settlement are analyzed. The design and construction aspects of preloaded underpinning piles are also introduced. ZHAO Laishun，CHANG Pengfei， XING Qiang 2012, 26 (5):  10-12.  Abstract ( 2393 )   Save This paper introduces the application of preloaded underpinning piles in the settlement mitigation of a large sculpture structure. The factors that caused foundation settlement are analyzed. The design and construction aspects of preloaded underpinning piles are also introduced. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Dynamic Compaction to Collapsible Loess Foundations LIU Peng1, PENG Liangjie2 2012, 26 (5):  13-15.  Abstract ( 2479 )   Save This paper analyzes the effect of dynamic compaction on engineering properties of loess foundation  at a power plant in west Henan. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Evaluation of a High Cut Slope of Wushan YANG Ning1， BAO Lei2， GUAN Hongfei2， HUANG Jingping2 2012, 26 (5):  16-18.  Abstract ( 2109 )   Save This paper presents a case history of stability evaluation of a highcut slope in the west side of Wushan Funeral Home. The stability evaluation considered the geological characteristics, existing conditions and the adverse mitigation construction conditions. The results indicate that the evaluated sections under current condition are marginally stable without additional supporting measures. Therefore, supporting is necessary for the safety backups and adverse conditions. The cut slope mitigation design parameters are selected based on the evaluation results. Related Articles | Metrics

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Environmental Geotechnics in the Tunnel Construction in Mountain Areas LI Jing, YU Yuan， XIONG Xin 2012, 26 (5):  19-21.  Abstract ( 2154 )   Save Based on the case history of the construction of Beiling Tunnel in the New South Nan Guang Railway Project, this paper introduces the deformation of rock mass and the tunnel linings problems encountered in the excavation of the tunnel as well as the geotechnical hazards such as the slope stability problems induced by the construction of the tunnel entrance and the access road. The environmental impact by the construction of the ancillary system such as the temporary residential areas for the construction personnel has also discussed in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of Tunnel Blasting on the HighPressure Pipelines JIA Shiping 2012, 26 (5):  22-23.  Abstract ( 2144 )   Save Tunnel blasting may have a significant impact on the surrounding environment. Case histories is rarely reported when the blasting is near a highpressure pipeline and is in poor geological conditions close to Class Ⅳ or Ⅴ surrounding rock mass. In this paper, a case history dynamic analysis is presented on the impact of blasting on the highpressure pipeline. Related Articles | Metrics

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Case History of the Geotechnical Investigation for a Leaking Dam SONG Huabo, WU Heping, REN Zhiyong, HUANG Hua 2012, 26 (5):  24-27.  Abstract ( 2352 )   Save The significant leakage was found at a water supply reservoir for a key construction project. This leakage might be resulted from the failure of the seepage curtain of the dam and therefore it is difficult for the geotechnical investigation. The location of the leakage, the seepage mode and the magnitude of the leak were able to be detected based on various investigation techniques. The successful geotechnical investigation for the leakage provides information for the mitigation project. This paper presents the summary of the case history for the complicated investigation in this project. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of  FLAC3D  Analysis in a Deep Circular Excavation FU Yong1,2, ZHANG Quansheng3, GAO Guangyun1,2 2012, 26 (5):  28-31.  Abstract ( 2746 )   Save Taking Tongli elevator (Kunshan) circular deep excavation as an example, this paper presents the numerical simulation results using threedimensional finite difference software FLAC3D on the construction process of a deep excavation. The simulation considered the influence of both unconfined and confined groundwater, the coupling effect of dewatering on the deformation of the soil mass. The analytical results are compared with the observed data. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Shenzhen Airport Center substation  ground subsidence treatment monitoring ZHANG Ji, HU Shenggang, JIANG Zhiquan 2012, 26 (5):  32-34.  Abstract ( 3019 )   Save Shenzhen Airport 110/10KV central substation was constructed within a reclaimed land. The site has an average muck thickness of 9.5 meters. The mucky soils have characteristics of high water content, high compressibility, low shear strength and in an underconsolidated state under the fill soil loading condition. The site was improved with surcharging and prefabricated vertical drains method. This paper presented the geotechnical monitoring results during the construction and surcharging period. Related Articles | Metrics

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Nonlinear ElastoPlastic Analysis of the ConnectionJoints of an Office Building Structure MO Shaobing, DING Wei, ZHOU Zhongfa, ZHANG Yanping, SHEN Li 2012, 26 (5):  35-39.  Abstract ( 2563 )   Save The office building for Innovation Base of Huaneng Group is located at the C89 block in the south of the future Science and Technology Zoning Area, Changping District of Beijing. It is at the south of bank of Wenyu River and south side of North Seven Avenue. The east unit of this building is a mixed structure (the top four floors at Bays 6-15 and Bays 6-19 are column supported). Due to its irregular structural shape and the complicated loading scheme, the seismic performance of the key structural connection components, such as, the connection between the cantilever truss and the shear wall core; the joints between the spherical office and the supporting truss; are analyzed with the elastoplastic approach using ABAQUS finite element software. The results indicate that, under the design seismic intensity, except for the local plastic zones occurred at the key joints, the overall joints are typically within the elastic zone. The analytical results meet the seismic requirement of nonyielding structural components. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Deformation Characteristic of a Transmission Tower Based Using Coupled ThermalStructural Analysis LIU Xiongjun, WANG Yongzhong 2012, 26 (5):  40-42.  Abstract ( 2599 )   Save With ANSYS finite element software, a 2D finite element model of towerbase was developed to study the deformation characteristic of transmissiontowerbase and foundation based on coupled thermalstructural analysis by simulating the extreme low temperatures. In the simulation, constant load was applied on the transmissiontowerbase, which was the actual biggest load transmissiontowerbase experience in the extreme snow and ice conditions in Southern China in 2008, then the temperature was changed to four different conditions. The simulated results show that: because of frost heaving of soilrock mass, the towerbase has a little upheaval, when surface temperature is below zero.  With lowering of the surface temperature, the degree of upheaval increases. Stress concentration appears around the foundation base, with the biggest shear stress at the outside of the right towerbase. Therefore, the biggest vertical displacement occurs at outside of the right towerbase and the smallest occurs at outside of the left towerbase. The horizontal displacement of towerbase changes is also obvious with a potential sliding surface formed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of Settlement Prediction Methods for an Airport on High Fills ZHANG Wenbin1, DING Yan2, HAN Wenxi1 2012, 26 (5):  43-45.  Abstract ( 2432 )   Save Abstract\ [WTBZ]This paper presents a case history on settlement monitoring results on an airport constructed with high fills. Several settlement estimation methods of high fill ground are examined with the observed data. The paper analyzes the settlement characteristics of the fill materials as well the original foundation soils. Different settlement prediction models, such as ep curves, logelogp model, empirical relationship as well as the numerical models are established from the large diameter triaxial test results. The settlement of the high fills are predicted by several different methods, such as, loglog model, summation of sublayers as well as numerical analysis. The advantage and disadvantage of these settlement prediction methods are compared with the observed data. Related Articles | Metrics

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3D Numerical Simulations on Construction Stages of DoubleArch Tunnel LIU Jiang 2012, 26 (5):  46-48.  Abstract ( 2397 )   Save Based on the geological feature and characteristic of support design of some doublearch tunnel with filling, ABAQUS program is applied to simulate the whole processes of excavation and support of the tunnel, the stability of the surrounding rock and support is analyzed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Pile Installation Techniques in the Karst Terrain ZHANG Wei 2012, 26 (5):  49-50.  Abstract ( 2336 )   Save The pile foundation of an office building was installed with Frankey technique (concrete filled driven pile). The project site is known as the welldeveloped Karst Terrain with quick sand stratum at the shallow depth. The vibration from the pile installation might trigger the ground subsidence. Different pile installation techniques were utilized for different cavity sizes, shapes and potential for the loss of cement slurry. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Newton Fluid Theory to Estimate Effective Radius of Grout Zone For Tunneling Through Fractured Rock Under Sea WANG Lei1, LI Tao2 2012, 26 (5):  51-53.  Abstract ( 2421 )   Save Theoretical solution based on Newton fluid assumption was used to estimate the effectiveness of grouting in fractured rock encountered at Jiaozhou Bay Tunnel.  The solution suggests 1) predetermined grouting radius can be achieved with a design pressure of 3 to 4 MPa, a grouting hole radius of 5 cm, and a grouting duration of 1800 to 3600 seconds; 2) the effective radius of grout zone increases with time; 3) the effective radius of grout zone increases with grout pressure; 4) the effective radius of grout zone increases with the aperture of rock fractures. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Influencing Factors the Ultimate Axial Capacity of the Granular Columns Reinforced with Geogrid Tubes HAN Jianfei1, GAO Mingjun2，3, DING Xuanming2,3， LIU Zhihao2,3 2012, 26 (5):  54-57.  Abstract ( 2481 )   Save The failure modes of the granular columns reinforced with Geogrid tubes are analyzed. The ultimate axial capacity of the single column is proposed based on each failure mode. The influence of various factors, such as, the limit tensile strength of geogrids, the reinforcement depth, the column diameter and the internal friction angle of granular material, on the ultimate axial capacity of a single column is also studied. The results indicate that the geogrids can greatly improve ultimate axial capacity of the granular columns. The ratio of the ultimate axial capacity of a column with geogrid tube over a column without the tube is decrease with the increase of the column diameter.  The capacity ratio is also increase with the reinforcement depth. The magnitude of the ultimate axial capacity is also increase with the column diameter and the internal friction angle of the granular material. Related Articles | Metrics

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Vertical Earth Pressures on Jacked Sewer Pipes underneath a Pond JU Haiming1，LIU Zengrong2，SHI Qichao2，WANG Kai2 2012, 26 (5):  58-60.  Abstract ( 2354 )   Save Since Marston proposed his famous theory of soil pressure last century, various researchers performed wide and indepth researches on the vertical earth pressures acting on the underground pipes. However, majority of these researches are focused on either projective condition or trench condition. The earth pressures on the jacked underground pipes are rarely reported. This paper presents a case history of vertical pressures acting on a jacked pipe underneath a pond. Related Articles | Metrics

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Enhancing Reactions for the Pipe Jacking in Hydraulic Engineering Projects WANG Shien 2012, 26 (5):  61-62.  Abstract ( 2242 )   Save In most of the hydraulic rehabilitation project, the replacement of the water carrying pipes are installed by jacking method. However, the anticipated reaction force are frequently failed to meet the requirement during the construction. This paper proposes a reaction enhancing method by install battered pile behind the reaction frame. Both theoretical analyses as well as the practical applications have proved that this method is an effective approach. Related Articles | Metrics

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Conditions that Dolines Formed WEI Lu1,2, YANG Yujuan3, ZHONG Junye1,2, HE Yuhang1,2 2012, 26 (5):  63-64.  Abstract ( 1889 )   Save "Doline" collapses are one of the frequent geological hazards. This paper presents the physical and chemical properties of soils from two recent collapses: Xinchang Doline of Dayi and Huaiyuan Doline of Congzhou. The specific gravity, grain size distribution, Atterberg limits and chemical properties of the soil samples were examined. The research results indicate that the two collapses were not due to bearing loss from the formation of underlying carbonate cavity. The disturbance of groundwater at both locations are the likely reasons. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Impact of Loading Sequence on the Settlement of Oil Tanks on Soft Soils WANG Xueguang1, LIU Zengrong2, WANG Kai2， JU Haiming3 2012, 26 (5):  65-66.  Abstract ( 2046 )   Save One of the major controlling factors in the construction of oil tank farms over soft soils is the differential settlement among the tanks. The analysis of the settlement of these tanks is increasing complicated due to the settlement interactions among tanks. A finite differential model that accounts for the coupled fluid and solid mechanics was set up using FLAC 3D software. With the combined effect of pore water pressure and effective stress, the loading sequence of the grouped storage tanks was studied.  The result indicates that the optimized sequence is to load the diagonal tanks first. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Use of Rubber Bearings in the 2.4T Drawbridge Yard CHENG Jun1, CHEN Gong1, ZHAO Ruirui2, ZHENG Binbin2 2012, 26 (5):  67-68.  Abstract ( 1858 )   Save The application of rubber bearings in the drawbridge yard design can effectively alleviate the impact to the drawbridge from heavy load.  Rubber bearings can be sized by design calculations which involve sliding performance and void checking to ensure reasonable and effective design. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Effect of Rainfall Duration on Stability of High Fill Slopes LIU Zengrong, SONG Tao 2012, 26 (5):  69-71.  Abstract ( 1881 )   Save The combined transient saturatedunsaturated seepage analysis and slope stability analysis were used study the effect of rainfall event on the stability of a high fill slope. Vadose field of slope is simulated for different rainfall duration conditions. The research results indicate that change of the pore water pressure is mainly concentrated in the location where the water level changes in the process of rainfall. After the rainfall pore water pressure gradually dissipates. Rainfall duration has great effect on the slope stability. With the rainfall duration increases the factor of safety for slope stability decreases. The factor of safety decreases in the process of rainfall, but after rainfall, it increases gradually. The longer the rainfall duration, the longer it takes for the factor of safety to recover. Related Articles | Metrics

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Some Engineering Geology Problems in Huaihua Section of ShanghaiKunming Passenger Rail ZHOU Xiao， LIN Chunhong 2012, 26 (5):  72-74.  Abstract ( 2109 )   Save This article provides a case history of the engineering geological problems encountered in Huaihua Section of ShanghaiKunming Passenger Rail. Adverse geological conditions were mitigated accordingly based on their potential impact on the rail alignment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Stability Analysis for the Slope Excavation for a Ship Lift of the Goupitan Hydropower Plant LI Yafeng1, GUO Zhihua2，XU Haiyang2，LEN Xianlun3 2012, 26 (5):  75-77.  Abstract ( 3945 )   Save Based on the field geological exploration and the laboratory tests, a finite element analysis for the excavation stability was conducted on the ship lift slope of Goupitan Hydropower Plant. The deformation, the maximum principal stress distribution, and the failure zones of three different excavation schemes were studied. It is found that the deformation, the zones of tensile stress and zones of potential failure can be effectively reduced by the proposed rock anchors. The stability of the ship lift slope can be assured throughout the detailed analyses. Related Articles | Metrics

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Geotechnical Properties of Compacted Silt Soils in the Eastern Henan WANG Wentao1，DONG Weigang1，YANG Hongli2 2012, 26 (5):  78-81.  Abstract ( 2379 )   Save The compacted silt soils are usually used as the bearing layer for the multistory residential buildings in the eastern Henan. The geotechnical properties of the compacted as well as the insitu silts are studied with both the laboratory and insitu tests. The strength and deformation characteristics of compacted silt samples under various moisture contents are also studied. The results indicate that, under a good construction quality control, the silt with natural moisture content has a satisfactory strength and stiffness. The moisture content has a significant impact on the geotechnical properties of compacted silt. Therefore, a strict construction quality control of moisture content is required for a successful compacted silt as the foundation soil. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the influence on the factors of safety of slope by finite element method YANG Hongli1，WANG Wentao2 2012, 26 (5):  82-84.  Abstract ( 2328 )   Save Besides the strength reduction technique in slope stability analysis using Finite Element Method (FEM), another popular FEM method is to define the factor of safety as the ratio of resisting force to the driving force along a proposed slip surface. It is observed that some unreasonable results might be occurred under this definition. This paper compares the analytic solutions on the specified slip surface of a pure clay slope with the FEM results. The results show that the Poisson's Ratio has a great influence on the factors of safety obtained with FEM approach. The factor of safety obtained from the FEM is in consistent with the analytic solution when the Poisson's Ratio is close to 0.5. Related Articles | Metrics

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Pre--stressed and Thin--Walled Box Girder Construction Techniques WANG Qinggang, XU Shigang 2012, 26 (5):  85-86.  Abstract ( 2392 )   Save Pre--stressed and thin--walled box girders receive increasingly wider applications in the bridge construction industry due to their esthetic in appearance, high cross sectional moment of inertia, excellent shear transfer performance and the low fabrication and construction costs. However, due to their inclined web, there are some unique situations that are different from those from the plumb web girders might be frequently encountered during the girder fabrications. This paper introduces the construction techniques of the prestressed and thinwalled box birders in the construction of a viaduct for the South Section of Wuhan City Link Project. Related Articles | Metrics

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Case Study on Mechanical Behavior of a Steel--Concrete Composite Structure GUO Qian 2012, 26 (5):  87-89.  Abstract ( 2134 )   Save In order to study the mechanical behavior of the steelconcrete composite structures, the theoretical analyses and comparisons are performed on steel structures, concrete structures and composite structures respectively. Three structural design plans for a typical highrise residential building are compared. The results indicate that, under the same design conditions, the concrete structure has the largest stiffness and the steel structure has the smallest stiffness and the composite structure is intermediate. For the torsional capacity, the steel structure is the best, and the composite structure is still between the concrete and the steel structures. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Bearing Capacity and Integrity of Precast Concrete Piles LI Ming1, LI Chen2 2012, 26 (5):  90-92.  Abstract ( 1890 )   Save Dynamic pile load testing has seen wide applications in estimating pile bearing capacity and checking pile integrity. This paper describes the theory of High Strain and Low Strain Dynamic Testing. Engineering examples are presented in this paper to show the comparison of between dynamic test result and static load test results on both a precast concrete pipe pile and a precast concrete square pile.  Pros and cons of dynamic load testing are also discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Horizontal Displacement Monitoring Technology to a Deep Excavation WU Qitai, CHENG Kang, LIU Yang, HU Dongdong 2012, 26 (5):  93-95.  Abstract ( 2293 )   Save This paper proposes a horizontal displacement monitoring method based on structural analysis of a typical braced excavation for deep foundation. Using translation of coordinates, the temporary coordinate system for excavation monitoring is converted to an independent coordinate system with the datum point located at a corner of the foundation pit.  Monitoring results show that accumulated critical value of the horizontal displacement is 30mm. This method which is suitable for the more complex surrounding environment of the rectangular or nearly rectangular pit should not be used for circular pits or pits with other irregular shapes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Trial Dynamic Compaction Tests at a Material Docking Station Constructed by Dredged Soils WANG Hongyun 2012, 26 (5):  96-98.  Abstract ( 2074 )   Save The trial dynamic compaction tests were conducted on a dredged ground with prefabricated vertical drains. The settlement of the craters and the ground heaves around the craters during the dynamic compaction were monitored. The effective soil improvement depth, the duration of the pore pressure dissipation as well as the optimum compaction numbers are analyzed in the paper. The results of the dynamic compaction were examined by the static plate loading tests and the cone penetration tests. Related Articles | Metrics

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Measuring the Strength of Titanium--Rich Slag Concrete with Ultrasonic--Rebound Method JIAO Tao, CHEN Wei, ZHOU Jianping 2012, 26 (5):  99-101.  Abstract ( 2300 )   Save Ultrasonicrebound method was used to estimate concrete strength for both normal concrete and titaniumrich slag concrete.  The tests were calibrated using conventional strength testing method. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Geophysical Methods in the Geotechnical Investigations for a Landslide Mitigation Project WU Yulong 2012, 26 (5):  102-104.  Abstract ( 2187 )   Save A successful landslide mitigation project requires an accurate characterization of the geotechnical and geological conditions of the sliding zone. This paper presents a case history of an application of highdensity resistivity method in the geotechnical investigation for a landslide mitigation project. The mechanisms of the highdensity resistivity method and this advantage as well as disadvantage are briefly introduced. The thickness of the overburden soils and the variation of the slip surface can be obtained from the twodimensional resistivity spectrum of throughout the cross sections. Related Articles | Metrics

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In--Situ Testing of Deformation Moduli of the Fine--Grained Sandstone in Zhanghewan Reservoir YANG Xiaodong 2012, 26 (5):  105-107.  Abstract ( 2297 )   Save Deformation modulus is an important parameter of the geotechnical materials. The in--situ plate loading test is a direct as well as effective method measuring the deformation modulus. The sandstone rock mass was exposed after the upper reservoir slope excavation for the Zhanghewan PumpedStorage Power Station. The exposed sandstone rock mass might have an adverse impact on the deformation of slope with asphalt concrete facing. Extensive in--situ plate loading tests were performed on the sandstone bedrock with various degrees of weathering. Related Articles | Metrics

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Roller Compaction Trial Testing on Cushion Materials for the UpperReservoir Dam of Zhanghewan Pumped--Storage Power Station ZOU Wu1，CHEN Jianfei2，CAO Xueting2，TENG Shiyu1 2012, 26 (5):  108-111.  Abstract ( 1724 )   Save The compaction quality of a reservoir dam is crucial to control the stability and subsidence of dam body and to prevent the cracking of the facing panel. To ensure the quality of cushion material of Zhanghewan upper reservoir dam body, a trial compaction on the cushion materials was performed before the construction. Throughout this trial compaction, factors that might affect the degree of compaction of cushion materials were investigated. Compaction parameters were able to be optimized. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of TEM and HighDensity Resistivity Methods in the Geotechnical Investigation of Large Size and Long Tunnels BAI Wensheng 2012, 26 (5):  112-115.  Abstract ( 2291 )   Save When a proposed tunnel is over a coal mining area, the accurate locating the underground mining voids within the surrounding rock mass of the tunnels is one of the critical issues in the geotechnical investigation. The coal mining voids might affect the capital investment, construction duration and even the realignment of a proposed tunnel.  This paper briefly introduces all possible geophysical methods that could potentially be applied to the detection of void location and size. Then, a case history of interpreting the surrounding rock mass of a proposed tunnel by using the combination of Transient Electromagnetic Method (TEM) and High Density Resistivity Method. The results indicate that there are no mining voids within the tunnel influence zone. This conclusion was consistent with the findings after the tunnel excavation. This case history presents an application of geophysical methods in the geotechnical investigation of the large size and long tunnels in the urban area. Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamic research of subgrade soil of group A, B crushed stone filler in high speed railway GUO Jianhu 2012, 26 (5):  116-120.  Abstract ( 2142 )   Save The dynamic triaxial test model was established aiming on the longterm dynamic deformation stability problems of the high speed railway subgrade that made of group A, B crushed stone fillers based on the shorttime indoor dynamic triaxial test and the working conditions of the high speed railway subgrade. The dynamic modulus and damping ratio test was conducted for the bed bottom and subgrade body of the group A, B crushed stone fillers. Then, we concluded that the compaction degree, confined pressure are the main influential factors of dynamic modulus and damping ratio. Finally, we established the correlation model of dynamic modulus, damping ratio and dynamic shear strain by considering the influence of compaction degree and the confined pressure. It is confirmed that the dynamic stressstrain relationships can be described using the modified HardinDrnevich model. This is of great significance for the indepth study of longterm dynamic deformation stability of high speed railway. Related Articles | Metrics