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20 October 2011, Volume 25 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The Combination of Soil Nail and Steel Pipe Pile Applications in Deep Excavations within Quicksand Layers WANG Shi xu, YANG Xue qiang 2011, 25 (5):  4-7.  Abstract ( 2807 )   Save The application of the landslide treatment piles in the deep excavation within the localized quicksand locations for a commercial residential building is presented in this paper. The supporting system for this deep excavation system consists of using both soil nailing and steel pipe piles. In areas that the quicksand was presented during the deep excavation in the urban areas, where the adjacent building structures are closed by, this practical method can serve the purposes of both supporting and treating the quicksand. It also has low cost, fast and safe construction characteristics. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Multi\|objective Fuzzy Optimization Method in Deep Excavation Design NING Guo li, WANG Xiao tao, CHEN Bing, ZHU Jian ming 2011, 25 (5):  8-11.  Abstract ( 2614 )   Save null References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment of Foundations on Expansive Soils in Sudan MA Chang qin, DENG Dong sheng, SU Xiao wen 2011, 25 (5):  12-13.  Abstract ( 2870 )   Save The geotechnical and geological characteristics of expansive soils in Sudan are briefly reviewed in this paper. The various expansive soil treatment methods are studied in a case history of transformer substation foundations on expansive soils. A cost effective solution for expansive soil treatment is provided in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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Three-Axis Soil Mixing Wall Installation Specifications in a Deep Excavation Supporting System WANG Xiao mei1， ZHOU Yuan yuan2 2011, 25 (5):  14-16.  Abstract ( 2948 )   Save The soil mixing wall (SWM) formed by three\|axis rotary shafts has an important application in the slurry wall and ground strengthening constructions. The soilcrete formed by the SWM reduces the seepage and the compressibility of the soil mass significantly. It also increases the shear strength. The installation specification preparation is the key issue in a successful SWM construction. This paper presents the detail aspects of the SWM construction sequences and procedures in a typical supporting system for a deep excavation. These sequences and procedures includes: trench excavation; equipment positioning and column location determining; soil mixing and grouting, soilcrete joint treatment and construction quality assurance etc. Both advantages and disadvantages in applying the three\|axis formed SWM are also summarized in the paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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Settlement Analysis of the Soft Soil Improvement by Preloading and Prefabricated Vertical Drains YANG Li, MA Shi cheng, CHEN Xi yang, SUN Jian song 2011, 25 (5):  17-19.  Abstract ( 2961 )   Save Settlement monitoring of an embankment on soft soils improved by preload with Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD) method underneath Road E, Humen Port in Dongguan, allowed the ultimate consolidation settlements at various locations to be predicted by different methods. The ultimate settlement deduced from the observed data is compared with the value predicted from a numerical analysis using ABAQUS. The results suggest that it is feasible to predict the ultimate settlement by ABAQUS simulations. The results also allow evaluation of the reliability of ultimate consolidation settlement values predicted from observed settlement data. Related Articles | Metrics

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Applications of Soil Anchor Borehole Enlargement Techniques in the Foundation Rehabilitation of a High-raised Building LU Guan hong, ZENG Qing jun, HUANG Min, XIAO Fang 2011, 25 (5):  20-22.  Abstract ( 2654 )   Save In a case study of the foundation rehabilitation of a high\|raised building, small diameter (Φ=150 mm) boreholes were drilled through the mat foundation. These boreholes were expanded into large diameter (Φ=400 mm) cast\|in\|situ concrete piles by utilizing the soil anchor borehole enlargement techniques. This method has the advantages of minimizing the existing foundation damage; controllable pile diameter; reliable single pile capacity; and fast construction. The case study suggests this method has good foundation improvement results.     Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis and Evaluation of Pavement Structural Information of Xiangjing Expressway in Hubei XIAO Lin 2011, 25 (5):  23-26.  Abstract ( 3210 )   Save The pavement structural information of Xiangjing Expressway in Hubei is analyzed and evaluated with the defection basin data collected from the Fall Weight Deflectometer (FWD) tests using the modulus calculation software. The resilient modulus of the structure layers is back calculated. The results indicate that the effective resilient modulus varies between 180 MPa and 250 MPa, which suggest the sugrade soil within the project limits is fairly good and can satisfactorily provide the necessary support the overlying pavement structural layers under the traffic loads.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Soft Soil Improvement by the Controlled Loading Blasting Replacement Method and Its Engineering Applications JIANG Li mao1, XU Yu2 2011, 25 (5):  27-30.  Abstract ( 2557 )   Save The mechanism, calculation and construction aspects of the controlled loading, blasting replacement method are reviewed in this paper. The case history of a floating sea embankment construction at Zhugang, Yuhuan County, Zhejiang Provence, is presented. Although the adverse site topographical and subsurface conditions, the embankment was constructed successfully by using this blasting replacement method. The performance of the embankment met the design requirement. This project demonstrates that the controlled loading blasting replacement method has the advantages of shorter construction schedule, lower cost and easier quality control.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical Simulations of CFG Column Composite Ground Improvement LI Bin1, ZHAO Jian xiong2, HU Jian hua3, HU Yi fu3 2011, 25 (5):  31-34.  Abstract ( 3123 )   Save For a high speed rail over soft soils, the post construction settlement is an important factor affecting safe operation. The Cement Fly\|ash Gravel (CFG) column composite ground improvement technique was selected to strengthen the soft soils in the high speed passenger rail project from Wuhan to Guangzhou. Based on the typical subsurface conditions, numerical analyses on the CFG column composite ground mass were conducted using the ADINA Finite Element Method. The results indicate that a maximum of 35 mm settlement would occur immediately after the soil improvement construction. This allowed development of measures to control settlement after laying the tracks. This study indicated that CFG composite ground is an effective method of soil improvement for high speed passenger rail construction. The bearing capacities and post construction settlements of the composite ground mass can meet the design requirements.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Blasting Parameter Optimization in Tunnels with Large Cross Sections and Small Clear-Spacing WU Cun xin 2011, 25 (5):  35-38.  Abstract ( 2500 )   Save The tunnels in Da Maoshan have large cross\|sections and the clear\|spacing between two tunnels is small. The techniques of controlling blasting in the new tunnel construction while maintaining the stability and safety of the existing adjacent operating tunnels are studied in this paper. The vibrations induced by blasting during the new tunnel construction are monitored. The measured results are compared with the values from numerical simulations and theoretical analyses. The monitoring results indicate that the blasting design parameters can be optimized when the new tunnel construction is close to an existing one. This case study provides a theoretical approach as well as practical experience in safeguarding the existing operating tunnels while blasting in the adjacent new tunnels.    Related Articles | Metrics

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Permeability Characteristics of Foundation Soils in Urban Tianjin City WANG Yan hong 2011, 25 (5):  39-41.  Abstract ( 2425 )   Save The stratigraphy and engineering characteristics of foundation soils in Urban Tianjin City are summarized in this paper. The engineering characteristics include permeability, strength and deformation. The factors that affect the permeability of foundation soils in Urban Tianjin City are discussed from the engineering practice and application point of view. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the Defect Prone Locations in the PHC Pipe Pile Installation ZHANG Wen yan1, YAO Li min2 2011, 25 (5):  42-44.  Abstract ( 2561 )   Save The dynamic stresses along the Pre\|stressed High\|strength Concrete (PHC) piles installed by the impulsive diesel hammers under different subsurface conditions are analyzed by the stress wave propagation theory. The possible defect locations within the piles and procedures to avoid these defects also discussed in the paper. The case study results indicate that these procedures are effective and the HPC pile installation quality can be improved. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Time on Dynamic Penetration Tests Used to Evaluate Ground Improved by Sand-Gravel Columns ZHU Xiao qiang 1, ZHENG Kai sheng 2, DUAN Chao 1, ZOU Qiong 1 2011, 25 (5):  45-47.  Abstract ( 2951 )   Save In current ground improvement practice, a certain period of time is required after ground improvement by compacted sand\|gravel columns before the in\|situ quality assurance testing can be performed. However, the quantitative influence of time on the QA test results within the columns has not been reported. The influence of time on the QA results is evaluated through a case study of soft ground improved by compacted sand\|gravel columns for man\|made hills of a theme park. Dynamic Penetration Tests (DPT) were performed on two sand\|gravel columns with lengths of 8 m and 22 m. The tests were performed at different times after construction of the sand gravel columns ranging between 0 and 39 days. The testing results indicate that the DPT test is a simple and effective testing method for quality control of the density and the length of compacted sand\|gravel columns. The blow counts in the columns are consistent at least 8 days after the completion of sand\|gravel columns. It is recommended that the DPT should be performed 8 days after the column completion. Related Articles | Metrics

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Layout of Well Points in Deep Excavations and the Stability of Supporting Structures FU Zhi feng1， ZHOU Wei1，LI Jie2， XIONG Chao hui3 2011, 25 (5):  48-52.  Abstract ( 3776 )   Save Well points are often used to control groundwater and enhance stability of deep excavations in areas of shallow groundwater. The distribution of these well points not only impacts the effectiveness of the de\|watering, but also influences the performance of the supporting structures and adjacent environments. From a case history, three different well point arrangements are evaluated with numerical analyses. These well point arrangements are: single row inside the excavated area; double rows inside the excavated area and symmetric double rows outside the excavated area. The numerical approaches study the efficiency of dewatering, the performance of the supporting structure surrounding the excavated areas and the impact on the adjacent environments for each well point arrangement. Better design parameters for layout of the well points for the deep excavations are suggested in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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Settlement Analysis of Geogrid Reinforced Embankments Basedon the Theory of Asymptotic Homogenization MA Li， MA Shi cheng 2011, 25 (5):  53-56.  Abstract ( 2419 )   Save Geogrid has played an important role in transportation engineering. When it is applied into weak subgrade soils, both the overall and differential settlements of the subgrade soils can be effectively reduced. The settlement of geogrid reinforced embankments is analyzed by using the asymptotic homogenization theory. It is concluded that this method provides a new approach to settlement prediction of the geogrid reinforced soil mass. The method is simple, convenient and practical. The approach provides the theoretical basis for engineering applications by considering the construction practices and engineering properties of the geogrid that impact settlement.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Stability Evaluation and Design of a High Cut Slope for the Wuhu Nuclear Power Station NIE Wen bo1， LUO Jian yu2，YE Jing feng1， SHAO Dong feng1 2011, 25 (5):  57-59.  Abstract ( 2995 )   Save Geotechnical conditions of the East Slope in the Wuhu nuclear power station are analyzed in detail based on the topographical， physiognomic，lithology，geological structure，groundwater and potential unfavorable geologic conditions. The stability of this high cut slope is evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively by various methods such as engineering geology evaluation, stereographic projection analysis，and limit equilibrium analysis.  The slope excavation design is optimized from these extensive analyses. Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Ice Age Division of Muztag Ata Glacier Geological Heritage SHAO Kai shan 2011, 25 (5):  60-61.  Abstract ( 2064 )   Save Based on the typical glacial relics and characteristics observed in the Muztag Ata Glacier, as well as the altitude information from the Glacial geomorphology, the three smaller ice ages and interglacial within the Quaternary glacial periods are proposed in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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Approximation Regression Method in Predicting Blasting Induced Particle Velocity by Constructing a Vibration Velocity Function ZHOU Li, XIONG Xuan 2011, 25 (5):  62-65.  Abstract ( 2568 )   Save This paper introduces an approximation regression method for predicting the blasting induced peak particle velocity (PPV) by constructing a vibration velocity function. By comparing the measured and the predicted PPV values from several velocity functions, this method can optimize the best approximation formula that is close to the measured value. Unlike the conventional prediction formulas that a uniform relationship is used regardless the site and blasting conditions, this method can improve the prediction accuracy of the PPV. In addition to the ground PPV prediction, this approximation regression method can also be used in determining the safety dose, and the safety distance in blasting engineering. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation Methods of the Bidder's Investment and Financing Capabilities in Build-Transfer Projects XIONG Qiu mei 2011, 25 (5):  66-68.  Abstract ( 2659 )   Save This paper briefly introduces the operations in the Build\|Transfer (BT) projects. Methods of evaluating the investment and financing capabilities of the bidder's in BT projects are discussed.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of GPR in the Advanced Detection of Subsurface Conditions for Tunnel Entrance Excavation HUANG Dan1, PENG Jin jin2 2011, 25 (5):  69-71.  Abstract ( 2522 )   Save This paper introduces the mechanism of applying Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) in the advanced detection of subsurface conditions in the tunnel construction. In this case history, the GPR Model RIS\|K2 was used to determine geotechnical and geological conditions in the Longxing\|2 tunnel entrance excavation. Combined with other observations such as, topographical and exposed conditions at the tunnel face, the conditions of the area to be excavated are evaluated and predicted. The advanced detection by a GPR provides a basis for real\|time design of a safe excavation in tunnel construction. This paper sheds some light on the experience accumulated in applying GPR in the tunnel construction.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Mix Design of Filling Materials in PHC Pipe Piles Used for Deformation Measurements    WANG Xiao hong, LIU Zheng hong, YU Yong tang 2011, 25 (5):  72-75.  Abstract ( 2519 )   Save This paper discusses the mix design of filling materials in Pre\|stressed High\|strength Concrete (PHC) pipe piles that will be subjected to a static load test in which deformations will be measured using a sliding micrometer. The materials and their gradation selection requirements are optimized through evaluation of the mechanical properties of the filling materials. Properties evaluated include unconfined compressive strength, deformation moduli and Poison's ratio. Factors that influence the performance of the filling materials during the static load test are also presented. Related Articles | Metrics

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Lateral Displacement Monitoring and Stability Prediction of Supporting Structures in Deep Excavations CHEN Yi jie, KANG Shi hai 2011, 25 (5):  76-78.  Abstract ( 2872 )   Save Conventional ground deformation monitoring is to survey surface displacements. In supporting structure installations for deep excavations, it is especially more important to monitor the deformation inside the soil mass so that the potential structure instability can be forecasted by evaluation of internal deformation at various locations. This paper presents the results of stability evaluations of supporting structures for the deep excavation of an underground parking garage using lateral soil displacements measured by inclinometers. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analyses of Excessive Pore Water Pressure in High Energy Dynamic Compaction WU Yu long 2011, 25 (5):  79-81.  Abstract ( 3388 )   Save Through a case study, the dissipation of excessive pore water pressure during the high energy dynamic compaction process is evaluated. The dynamic compaction energy and the time interval between two compaction passes is optimized with respect to maximizing the soil improvement achieved. In this case study, the influence depth of the high energy dynamic compaction is determined to be approximately 11 meters and the effective improvement depth is determined to be 9 meters.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Calculation Errors of Additional Effective Stress Induced by Foundation Loading and Relevant Problems GUO Jian yang 2011, 25 (5):  82-87.  Abstract ( 2545 )   Save The calculation error of additional effective stress induced by foundation loadings; based on different grouping and various solutions for one problem; are discussed in this paper. It is found that the error tolerances for parameters Ko 和4Kc are between 0.005 and 0.007. This paper further discusses the complementary relationships between Kc和4Kc and the related calculation formulas. These relationships are the basis of understanding the calculation errors. Related Articles | Metrics