Table of Content

20 April 2013, Volume 27 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Reference Manager ProCite BibTeX RefWorks

Toggle Thumbnails

Select

Construction Techniques of a Deeply Buried Communication Pilot Tunnel in Saturated Soil Soils HOU Jianjun 2013, 27 (2):  1-5.  Abstract ( 2336 )   Save This paper presents a case history of the construction of a deeply buried communication pilot tunnel in saturated soft soils in the River Crossing Project in Wuhan No. 2 Metro Line. The construction technique involves the freezing of the high water pressure aquifer underneath the river bottom. The design and construction of the frozen curtains and the construction techniques of the pilot tunnel are introduced and the results are satisfactory. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Drilling Methods of the Long Pre-stressesd Anchors in Talus and Broken Rock Masses ZHANG Yanjun, WANG Chaoxiong, ZHANG Rong 2013, 27 (2):  6-8.  Abstract ( 1704 )   Save It is generally recognized that the difficulties in borehole advancement in the installation of prestressed ground anchors in talus formations and broken rock masses. The downhole hammer with a casing immediately followed method is an effective way to advance boreholes in complicated subsurface conditions, such as, broken rock, loose soil and running sand conditions. This paper discusses the potential difficulties of apply down hole hammer in the talus and broken rock mass formations through trial tests. The parameters such as, air entry pressure, drill bit pressure, and pump pressures, are also discussed under different subsurface conditions.  Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Application of the Anchored Soldier Pile and Lagging and Soil Nail Walls in a Deep Excavation ZHOU Shudong 2013, 27 (2):  9-12.  Abstract ( 2635 )   Save The selection of the supporting scheme for a deep excavation project is based on the subsurface condition, depth of the proposed excavation, we well as the adjacent environment. A combination of anchored soldier pile & lagging wall with the soil nailed wall was used. The paper presents a typical design section that illustrating the gist of this application. The design checks indicate this predicted performances meet the code requirement. The design, construction and instrumentation aspect of this project are also introduced. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

A Deep Excavation with CastInPlace Concrete Soldier Piles with Anchors WU Yulong 2013, 27 (2):  13-14.  Abstract ( 2423 )   Save This paper introduces the key factors in the supporting design and construction of the deep excavations. The cost comparisons among several supporting methods are also presented. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

A Case History of Bearing Capacity Determinations for Foundation Soils ZHANG Jianjun 2013, 27 (2):  15-17.  Abstract ( 2027 )   Save This paper discusses a case history of the soil bearing capacity determinations by a combination of cone penetrometer testing (CPT), standard penetration testing (SPT) as well as laboratory testing on soil samples. The bearing capacity values for a building construction site with soft soil underlying in Zhengzhou are also proposed.  Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Application of Layered Dynamic Compaction Method in Improving Thick Fills for Building Foundations WANG Zhiren， GE Fan 2013, 27 (2):  18-20.  Abstract ( 2316 )   Save This paper presents a case study of an application of the layered dynamic compaction method in a 30 meters thick fill soil improvement project. The improved fills would be used as the foundation soil for the multistory buildings. The soil improvement site was instrumented and monitored during the construction. The principles of the layered dynamic compaction method are summarized based on the collected data. The key factors that impaction the effect of the layered dynamic compaction method is also presented. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Trial Studies on the High Fill Embankments in Chenggong City ZHANG Zhengwei 2013, 27 (2):  21-24.  Abstract ( 2288 )   Save A trial test program involves the testing of high fill embankment construction techniques at three locations of the Kunming OuterLoop Project. This paper summarizes the embankment construction techniques with different fill materials. The embankment performances resulted from the different fill lift thicknesses; compaction equipment and the compaction technique are presented. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Stability Design of High Fills over Saturated Soft Soils LIANG Zhengling, BAI Aizhong, GU Zhongdong 2013, 27 (2):  25-29.  Abstract ( 2395 )   Save This paper introduces the design concepts of the stability of a high fills over the saturated soft soils from a case study. The large distance cellular consisting of the cement mixed soil columns combined with the wick drains or sand columns accelerating the consolidation process, are proved to be an effective solution. In this method, closely spaced cement mixed soil columns should be installed in the area close to the toe of the fill, and a soil berm is usually placed at toe of the slope to increase the stability and to prevent the deeply seated failure mode resulting from the high fills. A gravel cushion is usually placed between the fills and the improved foundation soils. The slope face should also be protected by vegetation or concrete surface grids to prevent the soil erosions. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research and Design Aspects of the Dock Walls in an Ultra-Deep Ship Dock in Eastern China WANG Li, WANG Jiang 2013, 27 (2):  30-33.  Abstract ( 2056 )   Save This paper presents a sheet pile wall design application in an ultradeep ship dock in eastern China. The structural design aspects of different types of sheet pile walls are introduced in detail based on the project specific characteristics. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Construction and Quality Control Aspects of Pre-stressed Ground Anchors in Stabilizing of a High Slope HUA Guohui, WU Yuliang, ZHANG Shanshan, BAO Lei 2013, 27 (2):  34-37.  Abstract ( 2416 )   Save Due to the complicated geological conditions in the Three Gorges Reservoir areas, and the pool water level fluctuation after the impoundment, more and more factors are identified that might impact the stability of the high slopes. The reliability of the prestressed ground anchors that installed in the high slopes has a direct contribution to the slope stability as well as the safety of the adjacent buildings. Therefore, the quality control (QC) of these anchors during the construction becomes very important. This paper presents the detailed QC flowchart in every aspect of the anchor construction process: slope treatment, borehole advancement, borehole clearance, anchor preparation and installation, loading test on ground anchors and anchor acceptance tests; prestress imposing as well as the locking of the prestress in the ground anchors. The mechanism and design aspect of the prestressed ground anchors are also introduced in this paper. Finally, the effectiveness of the QC methods is summarized. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Application of the SNS Active Flexible Protecting Nettings in a Geohazard Prevention Project JIN Zhiwei, DENGYonghuang 2013, 27 (2):  38-40.  Abstract ( 1852 )   Save This paper presents a case history of the application of the Safety Netting System (SNS) in the rock fall prevention and other rock slope related geohazards for a commercial wharf owned by the New Century National Tourist Service Group. The netting is an active and flexible protection type. The characteristics of this system, design aspects and the system selection are introduced in the paper. It is believed that this discussion will help the wider applications of the SNS in the rock slop related geohazard prevention. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Stability Analysis and Mitigation Design of a Highway Landslide XU Jianqiang1，CHENG Yanqian2 2013, 27 (2):  41-43.  Abstract ( 2003 )   Save This paper presents a case history of a highway landslide and its mitigation in western Hubei Province. The factors that causing the slope failure are discussed in the paper. The geological conditions, subsurface soil and rock conditions as well as their structural characteristics are also presented. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Stability Evaluation and Treatment of a Retaining Wall ZHANG Xiaoli 2013, 27 (2):  44-46.  Abstract ( 2265 )   Save The stability of the retaining walls are usually associated with their site meteorology, hydrology, topography, lithology, soil & rock conditions as well as the field hydrogeological conditions. Based on the analysis of the deformation characteristics of a retaining wall under both saturated and unsaturated conditions, it is concluded that the dewatering is a major reason casing the excessive deformation of this wall. The mitigation design includes clearing the drainage path, placing a gravity berm behind the wall. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Factors that Causing the Tunnel Liner Leakage and Its Mitigation FAN Zhongyong 2013, 27 (2):  47-49.  Abstract ( 2258 )   Save It is very usual to observe the water leakages at the deformation joints and side walls during the tunnel operations after the construction. This paper presents a case history of a tunnel liner leakage mitigation details. The factors that causing the liner leakage are presented from both the statistically investigation and the qualitative analyses. The different mitigation methods for the different leakages, such as, water marks at the concrete surface, leakage at the liner through the groundwater rich areas and the seepage at the construction and deformation joints, are proposed in the paper.  Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Studies on the Spacing and Embedment Depth of Double Rowed  Soldier Piles in the Deep Excavation Support LIAO Ping1，YANG Lei2 2013, 27 (2):  50-53.  Abstract ( 2296 )   Save Doublerowed soldier piles have a wide application potential in providing support for the deep excavations when the adjacent conditions do not permit the use of ground anchors. The paper introduces the basic characteristics of the doublerowed soldier piles. The optimum spacing and the minimum embedment depth are analyzed. The results indicate that the optimum spacing is at the condition when the shear forces within the front pile and the rear pile are approximately equivalent. The minimum embedment depth of the doublerowed soldier piles is derived from the limit equilibrium analysis and is verified by a case history. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Foundation Design of an Offshore Triangular Anemometer Tower LI Zhanling，WANG Jingting，ZHAO Huaiyu, WANG Jianfei 2013, 27 (2):  54-57.  Abstract ( 2226 )   Save Based on the design plan of the National Electric's Yuetuo Island No.3 offshore anemometer tower in Yueting County, this paper presents a case study of the design and analysis of the foundation of an offshore triangular anemometer tower. The load magnitude and combination aspects of this structure are discussed. The finite element analysis of the foundation components and the estimation of the bending moments in the pilecap are also introduced. Compared with the quadrilateral pile foundation distribution, the triangular pilecap option has the advantage in the construction cost. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Assessments and Remediation of an Underground Structure Under Passed by a Subway Tunnel HUANG Sheng 2013, 27 (2):  58-62.  Abstract ( 1933 )   Save The behavior of a tunnel and the underground structure above it are considered as an integral system in this paper. The effect of the tunnel underpass excavation on the ground settlement as well as the stress in the above underground structure is analyzed. The mitigations of the ground settlement and the increased buoyancy induced by the tunnel excavation are also presented in the paper.  The induced ground settlement can be minimized by the increased steel support frames and through the construction optimization. The increased buoyancy can be counterbalanced by the ground anchors that welded to the steel support frames. The construction monitoring results indicate that the numerical analysis predicted ground settlement magnitude is reasonable and the increased supporting frames and the optimized construction have a significant impact on the ground settlement reduction. The ground anchors can improve the buoyancy capacity of the underground structure. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Comparison Study on Reinforcement Schemes of Shield Tunnel Crossing through the Existing Pile Foundations of Building LI Zhihong1, 2 2013, 27 (2):  63-66.  Abstract ( 1970 )   Save Due to the limitation of the existing spatial distribution of cities, it is inevitable to utilize the shield tunnels to cross through roads, bridges, and buildings. Especially, when a shielded tunnel passing through the pile foundations, some piles underneath the existing building might be removed, this might adversely impact the stability and integrity of the building foundations. A case study of a shield tunnel crossing the pile foundation of a highraised building in Shanghai is presented in this paper. The service loading state of the piles is analyzed through the numerical investigations. The load transfer mechanism of directly removing piles as well as different pile reinforcement schemes are also studied in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Small Lead Tube Advanced Slip Casting Method in Tunnel Construction and Its Numerical Simulations LIU Tianyu 2013, 27 (2):  67-70.  Abstract ( 2682 )   Save The smallleadtube advanced slipcasting method is a widely used method fir tunnels in the broken and/or soft rock masses. However, its supporting results could not be theoretically predicted since its design is empirical based. This paper explores the supporting mechanism of this method as well as the numerical analysis results of Hongshigou Tunnel construction by using FLAC3D software. The application of the smallleadtube advanced slipcasting method in the tunnel supporting is well justified. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The Study on Deformation Characteristics of Tunnels in Collapsible Loess WANG Keyong 2013, 27 (2):  71-74.  Abstract ( 1820 )   Save When wetting, the collapsible loess will generate a significant magnitude of additional deformations and the bearing capacity will also reduce significantly. It is one of the severe potential engineering geological hazards for tunnels in these soils. This paper presents a case history of construction of Taixing railway tunnels in the loess. The deformations of the steel arch supporting structures were monitored during the construction. The soil mass deformations surrounding the tunnels are determined and the supporting structure design parameters are backanalyzed. The monitoring data enrich the experiences of the tunnel construction in similar soils. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Application of MIDAS GTS Analysis in the Excavation of a Shallow Buried Tunnel under the Unsymmetrical Pressure WANG Shengjun 2013, 27 (2):  75-78.  Abstract ( 2353 )   Save  This paper presents the finite element analysis results of the excavation progress of a shallow buried tunnel under the unsymmetrical pressure. The tunnel is part of the intercity of ChangshaZhuzhouXiangtan project in Hunan. The stressstrain properties of the surrounding rock mass and the deformation characteristics of the ground surface above the tunnel are studied. The analytical results are also compared with the observed data. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Application of Asaoka Method in Predicting the Settlement of High Speed Rail Embankments LUO Cunxi 2013, 27 (2):  79-82.  Abstract ( 2447 )   Save The Asaoka Method is one of most used graphical analysis methods in the settlement prediction of highspeed rail embankments. However, the limitation of this method is that the settlement data interval must be constant. In the construction practice, the monitoring data could not always meet this requirement so that the data conversion is necessary. Currently, little research literatures are available regarding the data conversion into the constant time intervals. This paper introduces three methods of constant time interval data conversion; namely, linear interpolation; spline interpolation and piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation. All methods are used in the ultimate settlement prediction analysis of a highspeed rail embankment. The accuracy of these predictions is also compared in the paper. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Analysis and Safety Check of the Full Scaffolding Support for Concreting of Hammer Head Piers ZHANG Yuchao 2013, 27 (2):  83-85.  Abstract ( 2017 )   Save The full scaffolding support is usually used in the concreting of cap of symmetric hammer head piers for long span continuous deck bridges.  This paper presents a case study of analyzing the full scaffolding structure and its safety check for the individual element. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Seismic Response of Soil Nailing Supported Deep Excavations MA Decui1, ZHOU Qijian2， XUE Xinhua3 2013, 27 (2):  86-88.  Abstract ( 2012 )   Save Seismic related hazard is frequently encountered in some areas of China. Therefore, in addition to the static analysis of the deep excavation, the seismic stability of the supporting structures also needs to be checked. The finite element analysis is performed on a soil nailing supported deep excavation. The axial stress within the soil nails under the seismic loading are studied. The results indicate that the seismic load controls the soil nail design under the designated earthquake magnitude. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Slope Stability Analysis of Basaltic Residual Soils Considering Rainfall Infiltrations KANG Hourong 2013, 27 (2):  89-92.  Abstract ( 1929 )   Save The fissures and the high permeability are the characteristics of the basaltic residual soils. This paper presents the finite element analysis of the stability problems of the basaltic residual soil slopes strengthened by different supporting methods using preferential flow and fluidstructure interaction concept. The results show that, under the combination of concrete retaining wall panels, prestressed ground anchors with the shotcrete on the steel nettings, the basaltic residual slopes could stay stable under extreme rainfall conditions. The results also indicate that the precipitation has a significant adverse effect on the safety factor of the treated residual soil slopes. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Frost Heave Mechanisms and Mitigations of Railway Subgrade in Seasonal Frozen Soils JIANG Tao 2013, 27 (2):  93-96.  Abstract ( 2749 )   Save The frost heave problems of the subgrade are among the most encountered geohazards in the construction of highspeedrail in alpine seasonal frozen soil area.  This paper presents the frost heave mechanism of highspeedrail subgrade in the seasonal frozen soils. The problems that exist in the current frost heave design practices are also discussed. Factors that affect the magnitude of the frost heave as well as their mitigation measures are also presented. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Evaluations on the Seepage Characteristics of a Manmade Lake YANG Pingbo 2013, 27 (2):  97-99.  Abstract ( 1663 )   Save This paper documents a case study of the analysis on the seepage aspects of a manmade lake. The hydrological and geological conditions, karst terrain development as well as the seepage properties at the lake area are studied so that the seepage conditions and boundaries could be determined as a result of these analyses.  The directions and the quantities of the seepage underneath the manmade lake are determined. The results show that the aquitard layers exist at both east and west side of the lake and the seepage mainly occurs from the north to the south throughout the bedrock fissures. The estimated total seepage quantity is 7.21 cubic meters per day and this quantity is a weak seepage compared with the size of the lake. It is concluded that the leakage prevention measure is not necessary for this manmade lake. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Geotechnical Investigation and Design of Highways in Xinjiang Loess SHI Zhaoqing1， LIU Junyong2 2013, 27 (2):  100-103.  Abstract ( 2321 )   Save It is recognized that the collapsible loess in Xinjiang area is different from those from other areas of China. The basic properties of the Xinjiang loess have been summarized in this paper throughout the site investigations. Based on the highway projects in Xinjiang, the existing problems of loess investigation practices and their solutions are proposed in this paper Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Microstructure Analysis of the Liquid Index of Soft Cohesive Soils LI Xinyuan, LIN Xuehui 2013, 27 (2):  104-107.  Abstract ( 2317 )   Save Liquid index is one of the most important indices of clayey soils. It describes the consistency of the cohesive soils and it is widely used to empirically assess the bearing capacity of the cohesive strata. During the geotechnical investigation, it is often noted that the liquid index of soft clay obtained from the remolded state appears to be higher than that obtained from the undisturbed soils samples. After the microstructure studies, it is concluded that three different waters exist in the cohesive soil fabric: strong bonded water, weak bonded water and free water. The consistency is not determined by all of the waters around the clay particles, but is determined by the statement of water connecting the clay particles. The thickness of water membrane connecting the clay particles at the insitu condition is thinner than those at remolded condition. So the in situ soils are stiffer than those remolded soils with. Since the remolded soil is used in laboratory test to obtain liquid limit and plastic limit, liquid index is more suitable to assess the statement of remolded soil other than the in situ soils. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Application of Topographic Maps in the Regional GeoHazards Prevention YU Zhifang 2013, 27 (2):  108-110.  Abstract ( 2333 )   Save This paper introduces the application of the topographic map in the regional geohazard forecast, prevention and the aftermath rehabilitation. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Risk Assessment and Hazard Prevention of Debris Flow YU Songhua1, WEI Qi2， LIU Junyong2 2013, 27 (2):  111-114.  Abstract ( 2345 )   Save This paper introduces the practical aspects of the debris flow, such as, the mechanism, the probability of occurrence and the hazard ranking evaluation. The debris flow mitigation technique is also presented in the paper. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Engineering Geological Characteristics of Chenhang Coral Reefs in Xisha Islands YU Qiang, JIANG Zhenchun 2013, 27 (2):  115-117.  Abstract ( 3068 )   Save The engineering geological characteristics of coral sediments of Chenhang Island are analyzed from the geological tectonic structure and subsurface strata characteristics of coral reefs in South China Sea. The bearing capacity and the foundation recommendations in these calcareous are also introduced based on the engineering evaluations results of these sites. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Development of Gravelly Soil Landslides Induced by Rainfalls CHENG Jiangtao, CAI Qing， Chen Xingxing 2013, 27 (2):  118-121.  Abstract ( 2277 )   Save This paper presents the analysis results of the Shihuixi landslide under the heavy rainfall in Tongren Prefecture. The rainfall intensity is assumed to be 50mm/day and the duration is one day. The deformations of this gravelly soil slope during the precipitation and one to seven days after the rain are simulated by software SIGMA/W. Based on the analysis and the field observations, the precipitation induced geohazard model of this Shihuixi Landslide in gravelly soils is established. The result indicates that the large longitudinal deformations are occurred at the middle of the sliding body and larger transitional displacements are observed at the rearmiddle portion of the sliding body. There are three stages in this rainfall induced landslide: Tension stage at the rear; progressive of the failure in the middle portion stage and the development of failure surface stage. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Construction Monitoring of an Underwater Embankment on Soft Soils PU Jifeng 2013, 27 (2):  122-124.  Abstract ( 1918 )   Save With the rapid economic development of the eastern coastal provinces, large quantities of land are needed as constructions sites. Due to the limitations of the commercially available land, many engineering projects of near the sea tend to reclamation of the tidal marsh with soft soils with embankment encircled dredged materials. These embankments are usually marginally stable due to its poor soil properties. Large construction settlement and post construction settlement are expected. The construction monitoring is necessary in order to control the rate of dredge filling and the stability of the embankment. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The Impact of Large Area Vacuum Preloading Operation on the Adjacent Environment in Shanghai HONG Changdi 2013, 27 (2):  125-127.  Abstract ( 1776 )   Save This paper presents a case study of the application of the vacuum preloading method to improve large area soft soils. The deformations of the adjacent environment are monitored during the construction. The impact of the vacuum preloading on the adjacent environment is therefore evaluated. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Estimation of the Surrounding Rock Loosen Zone Thickness of an Underground Crude Oil Storage Caverns WU Qingdong 2013, 27 (2):  128-131.  Abstract ( 1583 )   Save  The first large underground watertight crude oil rock caverns is tested and analyzed by using the ultrasonic testing technique based on the loosen zone theory of the rock mass. The test results show that the thickness of the surrounding rock loosen zone at the gallery is between 0.5 meters and 1.3 meters. The test results provide the basis for the rock bolt design parameter. This paper also introduces methods of controlling the loosen zones and methods of rock cavern support. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Application of the Ground Penetration Radar in the Integrity of Tunnel Liners LIANG Na， SHEN Wenting 2013, 27 (2):  132-135.  Abstract ( 1822 )   Save The application of the ground penetration radar (GPR) in the integrity of the tunnel liners has received more and recognitions by the tunnel practitioners. The accuracy in the GPR data interpretation is critical to the tunnel linear quality assurance.  This paper proposes the interpretation methods of the thickness of the liner, distribution of the steel frames and the density of the concrete. These methods are applied in the integrity check of a tunnel liner. The results are acceptable. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Construction Monitoring of Tunnels in Well Developed Karst Terrains JIANG Ying 2013, 27 (2):  136-140.  Abstract ( 2056 )   Save The double linear supporting technique is rarely used in the construction of tunnels in rich groundwater and the welldeveloped karst soft surrounding rock masses. Little published literatures can be found as a construction guide. Therefore, it is critically important for the monitoring of the tunnels during the construction. This paper presents the monitoring results of stress in the rock mass, pore water pressures as well as stress within the liner. The monitoring results can provide the accumulation of the experience for the tunnel construction in similar conditions. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Analysis of the plate loading test on the foundation which replacement by rubble YANG Lei 2013, 27 (2):  141-142.  Abstract ( 4299 )   Save The plate load test is an insitu testing method that is to determine the bearing capacity and the deformation moduli within the influence zone of the testing plate. This method has the advantage of simple to apply and is also reliable. This paper presents a case history of applying the plate load testing in the soil replacement with gravel for a retaining wall construction in the near shore roadway project. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Compressibility of Collapsible Loess Samples from Power Plant, Gansu HUANG Huan, JIANG Li， KONG Haibin 2013, 27 (2):  143-146.  Abstract ( 2127 )   Save The empirical relationship between the collapse index and the index properties as well as the characteristics of the collapsible loess soils from, Gansu are presented in this paper. The geological conditions of the collapsible loess soil underneath the site are studied. Both conventional geotechnical laboratory tests and the collapse potential tests are performed. Based on the analysis of 1,700 disturbed and undisturbed soil samples collected form an electricity power generation plant, the properties of the collapsible soils are statistically analyzed.  Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The Application of Selfbalanced Load Test Technique in the Piling Industry LI Chaoxiong1，ZHAO Huaxiang1，FAN Jinguang2 2013, 27 (2):  147-150.  Abstract ( 1774 )   Save As a new insitu static load test method, the Selfbalanced load test technique has received a wider recognition and is applied in different construction projects. However, there are still unresolved problems exist in its practical applications due to the lack of a clear theoretical approach of its loading mechanism. The testing procedures and the results of the Selfbalanced Load Test in a large project are summarized in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics