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20 October 2016, Volume 30 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Application of the Semi Reverse Construction Method in Complex Supporting Structures WANG Bin1， ZHANG Lingshuai2 2016, 30 (5):  533-537.  Abstract ( 1103 )   Save The existing supporting structures in Kunming are almost completed, but the planned ground anchors could not be installed. The semiinverse construction was applied to remediate this deep excavation project. Finite element analysis was performed to obtain the stress and strain in the supporting structures. Construction monitoring system was also installed. Based on the observed monitoring data, it is concluded that the semiinverse construction technique can effective reduce the construction duration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect the Expanded Base Columns Formed by Percussive Poundings in Loess Soils WANG Yong1,2 2016, 30 (5):  538-540.  Abstract ( 1063 )   Save In additional to the highly compressible, well developed porous system, the loess has its unique characteristics of collapse after wetting. The collapsibility of the collapsible loess is required to be eliminated and the other mechanical properties need to be improved for the construction of passenger rail projects. This paper presents a case history of loess soil improvement in Lanzhou West Passenger Station using cement mixed soil columns with expanded base formed by the percussive poundings. The results indicate that this expanded base columns can effectively improve the loess soil properties in the bearing capacity, eliminating the collapsibility. The test results also show that the compressibility coefficient of soil between columns can be reduced by 50% and the dry density can increase as high as 22.5%. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Case History of Deep Excavation above an Operational Metro Subway ZHOU Yi, PENG Ying 2016, 30 (5):  541-543.  Abstract ( 1143 )   Save The excavation of foundations that are directly above an operational metro subway could be challenge. The design and construction of the supporting system are critical to the control of subway deformations. This paper presents a case history of the excavation above a live subway in Chengdu City. Prior to the excavation, the protective measures were installed on the metro subway. The strut supported anchored soldier piles were used for the excavation support. And the dewater technique was used for the layered excavation. The construction monitoring data indicate that, in addition to the excavation support measures, the subway protective work also helped to reduce the subway deformation and the measured deformations are acceptable. Related Articles | Metrics

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Shear Strength Parameters Determination of the Banpo Landslide at a Hydropower Station Site SUN Guanghui, XU Yi, MAO Xueshi 2016, 30 (5):  544-547.  Abstract ( 998 )   Save This paper presents a case history of Banpo landslide analysis for a hydropower station site in Southwest China. The subsurface conditions and the landslide reconnaissance indicate that there two historical slides can be identified at the site. Starting from the laboratory test results, the subsurface soil shear strength parameters of the slided zone were determined by global stability analysis with limit equilibrium method by Slide software on the sliding profiles representing the original topography. Based on the back analyzed soil shear strength parameters, the global stability of the current topography was analyzed under various load combinations and conditions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of PLAXIS Finite Element Method in Deep Excavation for Bridge Foundations HU Zhixu 2016, 30 (5):  548-550.  Abstract ( 1446 )   Save The deep excavation construction for the high speed rail bridge foundations is getting more and more popularity and the research on the construction technique is therefore more and more important. This paper presents a large deep excavation for the Subei Irrigation Canal Bridge in Lianzhen. The numerical analyses were performed on the excavation and supporting process of the deep excavation with commercial software PLAXIS. The stress in the Larsen sheet piles and struts as well as the ground subsidence of the adjacent soils were analyzed under eight different construction conditions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Deformation Control in Deep Excavation Supporting System in Beijing Soils BAO Zhangmin1, WANG Dawei2, HUANG Gangling1, WANG Hongbin1 2016, 30 (5):  551-555.  Abstract ( 1142 )   Save Two cost effective, common and safe deep excavation support systems were used in a deep excavation deformation control in Beijing. The soldier pile and lagging wall with ground anchors as well as soil nailed wall with soldier pile and ground anchors were selected based on the adjacent conditions of the excavation areas, deformation requirements; construction as well as post construction loading conditions. During the construction, various construction elements were monitored. The deformations in the soldier pile, amount of soil excavated and the ground anchors were used for the overall deep excavation control. The results indicated that total deformation control were successful. Related Articles | Metrics

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Longterm Stability of Reservoir Bank under the Bank Reconstruction Conditions XIONG Yang, XIANG Yong 2016, 30 (5):  556-559.  Abstract ( 1247 )   Save The landslides along the reservoir banks are very common in the Three Gorges area and current studies on these slides are not comprehensive. The long term stability of a typical colluvial reservoir bank profile is studies using two reservoir bank reconstruction methods: Kachugin Method and Bank Slope Prediction Method. The shear strength parameters of the target profile slope were evaluated by the strength reduction method based on the creep theory. The stability of the current bank and the reconstructed bank are also compared. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis Method for a Small Diameter Perforated Pilot Pipe Grouting Technique in the Excavation of a Pedestrian Underpass Tunnel CHEN Jun1, LI Yang1, SUN Jizhu2 2016, 30 (5):  560-562.  Abstract ( 1574 )   Save The support system for the excavation of the pedestrian underpass ramp at Wusheng Road East in Wuhan used the small diameter perforated pilot pipe grouting composited supporting technique. The supporting structure analysis method of the small diameter perforated pilot pipe grouting inside the excavation wall is introduced in this paper. The analytical results indicate that bending resistance of the wiremesh shotcrete wall in the vertical direction has to be considered in order to meet the bending demand. Among the bending resistance, the rolled steel and the shotcrete facing can be analyzed as the reinforced concrete element. The strengthening effect at the bottom of the excavation also needs to be considered in order to meet the requirements on the preventing of the bottom heaving. Related Articles | Metrics

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Landslide Hazards along Highways in Mountainous Area and Their Remediation ZHAO Xiaofeng 2016, 30 (5):  563-565.  Abstract ( 1341 )   Save The highways in the mountain areas are the integral part of the transportation network system that connecting the urban cities. Due to the lack of understanding the factors that might affecting the landslides and their potential hazards, the preventive measures could not meet the requirement. As a results, the annual landslide related hazards on the mountain highways post a large potential threat to the safe operation of the highway network. This paper presents a case study of a mountainous highway landslide and its remediation in LiuXing Highway at Station K30+700 in Miyun, Beijing. The factors that might affect the landslide are analyzed from aspects of the topographical, bedrock types and tectonic conditions. The remediation of the landslide techniques and the construction procedures are also summarized in the paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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Settlement Prediction in the Chengde Airport Construction YANG Laihua1, JIN Chun2, XU Bangshu2, DENG Wen1 2016, 30 (5):  566-568.  Abstract ( 929 )   Save Based on the observed settlement data, the ultimate settlement prediction work was performed at the west end of the sloped area in Chengde Airport construction by using exponential function, hyperbolic function and Pearl Model methods. The prediction accuracy of each method are carefully analyzed and the hyperbolic function method was used to predict the ultimate settlement. It is concluded that the ultimate settlement at survey points at the west end should be 58.24 mm. The ultimate settlement prediction work can provide a viable method for the post construction performance of the airport structures. Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussions on Entering into Geotechnical Investigation Business NIE Lei 2016, 30 (5):  569-571.  Abstract ( 1250 )   Save The macroeconomic structures are dramatically adjusted and the government's investments are lining towards the infrastructure area. The macro policy changes promote vast new opportunities and challenges to the geotechnical investigation business. More and more people are entering into this industry: some of them have full spectrum of education background but lack of practical experience; some of them are from the other disciplines and a systematically understanding of the industry are needed. This paper presents some basic aspects in the geotechnical investigation business in order to provide a wide understanding for people that are freshly in this industry. Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical Analysis of Anchored Soldier Pile Supporting System Using PLAXIS JIANG Wenyong 2016, 30 (5):  572-572.  Abstract ( 1310 )   Save The performance of the anchored soldier pile supporting system in the deep excavation is numerically investigated by using a commercial software PLAXIS. The analyzed stress in the anchor as well as the horizontal deflection in the soldier pile wall are compared with the observed data. The result indicate that, both the stress in the ground anchor and the horizontal deflection in the soldier pile are acceptable. The anchored soldier pile system can be used in the large deep excavation project. The observed stress and the deflection are consistent with the analytical results. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of a Landslide in Jiexia Village of Gangkou Town, Xiushui County, Jiangxi Province LENG Congde, WU Yufu, LIU Yun 2016, 30 (5):  576-579.  Abstract ( 1115 )   Save In the practice of the landslide investigation, the reliable stability shear strength parameters are very difficult to be obtained from the laboratory testing; whereas, parameters that are from the inverse analysis have higher reliability. Therefore, the inverse analysis method becomes an important method in the landslide stability investigations. This paper introduces a landslide case study in Jiexia Village of Gangkou Town, Xiushui County, Jiangxi Province. Conventional methods for the shear strength determination are compared and the need for the inverse analysis are also discussed. The overall stability of the area has been investigated using inverse analyzed data in the paper. The landslide remediation recommendations and preventive measures are also provided. Related Articles | Metrics

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Long-term Stability Evaluation of Yannei Tunnel in Xiamen LV Senpeng 2016, 30 (5):  580-583.  Abstract ( 1169 )   Save The creep characters of the tunnel in the soft surrounding rocks will have an impact on the long term stability of the tunnels. This paper present the triaxial creep test results on the completely weathered granite samples from Xiamen Yannei Tunnel Project. The exponential creep model for the tunnel is able to be established throughout the laboratory test data. The laboratory calibrated creep model was implemented in the finite element method in order to investigate the long term stability of the tunnel. The results indicate that a large deformation at the tunnel will be occurred within two years after the tunnel construction. After ten years of operation, the deformation of the tunnel is concentrated in a small area at the lower portion of the tunnel cross section. The creep related deformation will not pose a stability concern to the tunnel. Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamic Finite Member Element Approach for Excavation In Front of Landslide Caisson under Seismic Conditions LI Shuai1, SUN Yong1, WU Jinghua1, FENG Qizhuang2 2016, 30 (5):  584-588.  Abstract ( 1065 )   Save The dynamic response of the excavation of landslide resistant caisson under seismic conditions was numerically analyzed by using finite member element, vibration superposition method and Rayleigh damping theory. The bending moment in the caisson and the deformation and the top of the caisson were predicted. The centrifuge tests of the excavation of landslide resistant caissons under seismic conditions were performed to verify the numerical analysis results. This paper presents the bending moment characteristics under the seismic conditions and can provide design guides for the landslide resistant caisson under seismic conditions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical and Experimental Studies on the Loading Capacity of an Underground Parking Garage YANG Yang, LIU Yaodong 2016, 30 (5):  589-592.  Abstract ( 925 )   Save The structural destress in the underground parking garages and subsidence nearby are frequently encountered due to the surrounding soils overloading during their service life. The structural elements of the parking garage: slabgirdercolumn of an underground garage in Jingzhou were numerically simulated in order to reveal the influence of overburden soil on the garage structure's loading capacity. Under the overburden soil pressure and other service loading conditions, the loading transfer mechanism of the frame structure are studied and the rehabilitation measures are recommended. The study results also indicate that: 1) The stress distributions in the garage structure are related to the magnitude as well as the distribution of the overburden soils; also, the properties of the reinforced concrete will affect the stress distribution; 2) The stress distribution in the columns have the character of high in the middle and low at the surrounding locations; under the nonuniform earth load, the maximum stress tends to decrease; 3) no obvious stress concentration occurred in the reinforced concrete slabs and girders. Uneven stress distribution is observed under the nonuniform earth loading. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental Studies on Cracks on the Surface of Compacted Expansive Soil YI Yuan, WANG Weiwei, ZHANG Zhengya， CHEN Qianguang 2016, 30 (5):  593-595.  Abstract ( 1702 )   Save The crack propagation patterns in different uniform samples and crack development in samples with different degrees of compaction are studied on the expansive soil samples in Nanyang. The prepared saturated samples simulating the different working conditions were first weighted and then placed in a constant temperature oven. The surface images of the sample were digitally recorded. The number, width, and length of the cracks expansive soils were processed and analyzed with MATLAB. The processed data are logged into the EXCEL spreadsheets and then are presented in line charts. The line chart can presents the quantitative features of the cracks and their developments. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation Analysis and Applications of Soft Soil Test Results CHEN Mei 1,2, YI Shenzhou 1,2, DI Shengjie 1, ZHANG Lin 1,2， HAN Keke 1,2 2016, 30 (5):  596-600.  Abstract ( 1183 )   Save Hengqin Island of Zhuhai is located in the end of the southern region of the Pearl River Delta Rift, and the northeast side of the Pearl River Modaomen Estuary. The site deposits very thick mucky soft soils. The physical and mechanical properties of the soft soil from the insitu and laboratory tests are statistically analyzed. The correlations between the physical indices and the mechanical properties are obtained and applied in the project. Related Articles | Metrics

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Sample Preparations for Strong Slaking Soft Rocks LV Longlong1,2, SONG Li1,2, ZHANG Tianyu2 2016, 30 (5):  601-603.  Abstract ( 1240 )   Save The redbed soft rock samples from the Humaling Tunnel of LanYu Railway Project is Dingxi City, Gansu Province have strong slaking properties and they are disintegrated quickly during the sample preparation process. A new sample preparation tool consisting of nylon sample holding tube and sample grinding clamp was developed to isolate the sample from the water in sample preparation process. This device can improve the quality of the test sample. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental Studies on the Dynamic Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio of Guilin Red Clay WANG Zong, WANG Yong 2016, 30 (5):  604-607.  Abstract ( 1241 )   Save The dynamic properties of a typical compacted Guilin Red Clay were tested in GDS strained controlled cyclic triaxial apparatus under the consolidated undrained conditions. The factors that might potentially affect the dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio are consolidation pressure, consolidation stress ratio, degree of compaction and the initial strain. The influence of these factors are summarized. The results indicate that, the dynamic shear modulus reduces with the increase of cyclic strain and increases with the confining pressure, consolidation ratio and degree of compaction. The cyclic shear modulus ratio decreases with the increase of cyclic strain, confining pressure and consolidation stress ratio and increases with the degree of compaction of the sample. The damping ratio increases with the cyclic strain, confining pressure and consolidation stress ratio. The magnitude of the damping ratio is proportional to the cyclic strain magnitude. The cyclic shear stress and cyclic shear modulus ratio can be well fitted by the HardinDrinevich Hyperbolic Model. Related Articles | Metrics

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Modification of Wet High Liquid Limit Cohesive Soils CHEN Xuefeng, KONG Yujiang, LIU Longzhang, LONG Guiyu, LIAO Sha 2016, 30 (5):  608-610.  Abstract ( 1069 )   Save In order to effectively utilize the waste wet soils with high liquid limit in PanXin Highway Project, this paper presents the experimental study results of the mixture of wet soils and various cementitious materials. These experimental studies included the grain size distribution analysis of the mixtures; Atterberg Limits, Proctor Test as well as California Bearing Ratio tests. The optimum cementitious material contents under different degrees of compaction are obtained and their construction parameters are also studied. Under the optimum mix content, the moisture content, degree of compaction, compaction energy relationships that can reaching the balance between the environmental stability and the mixture strength are obtained. Related Articles | Metrics

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Ground Settlement in Soft Soils Due to the Very Large Pile Static Loading Tests with Dead Weights ZHENG He, ZHANG Zhongze, QIN Zhijun 2016, 30 (5):  611-614.  Abstract ( 1103 )   Save The bearing capacity of ground soils, the maximum output of the testing equipment and testing safety are the integral parts of a successful very large pile static loading test with dead weights. If the loading program can use the combination of stocking and hanging with cantilever beams, the height of the stocking can be effectively reduced so that the potential tilting and overturning induced by the differential settlement of the ground. The monitoring results indicate that, although large settlements are observed at the loading supporting piers, the settlements are even due to the pile supported piers. The settlement pattern approaches stable immediately after the loading. The settlement at the reference pile was less than 5 mm and has minor impact on the loading data. Usually, for the large static loading test, distances among the test pile, side pier of the loading platform as well as the reference pile are very difficult to meet the 3D requirement. Related Articles | Metrics

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Insitu Testing of Rock Mass Parameters at Shiguancai Talus Slope XU Haiyang1, GUO Zhihua1, LENG Xianlun2 2016, 30 (5):  615-618.  Abstract ( 1154 )   Save The geological conditions at Shiguancai talus slope for Goupitan Hydropower Station Project are complicated in nature. The results of the stability rehabilitation will directly affect the buildings and other structures for the safe operation of the power station as well as the navigational safety. The landslide caisson method was to be implemented as the reinforcement methods. Therefore, the rock mass deformation modulus and the elastic spring coefficient are needed for the caisson design. The in-situ full scale landslide resistant caisson tests are the most reliable way to obtain the design parameters. This paper presents the full scale load test results. Related Articles | Metrics