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    30 October 2022, Volume 36 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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    Analysis of the Influence of Deep Foundation Excavation in Soft Soils on Adjacent Existing Railway
    LI Jin, LU Shanjia, CHEN Xiangqiao
    2022, 36 (5):  683-687. 
    Abstract ( 310 )   Save
    The excavation of deep foundation pit adjacent to the existing railway in soft soil area is easy to induce the uncontrollable surrounding ground subsidence, resulting in the misalignment of the existing railway line, thus affecting its normal operation. At present, the impact analysis of the deep excavation near the existing railway in soft soil area has not attracted wide attention, and there is a lack of the correspondent design and monitoring data. In this paper, a deep excavation adjacent to the existing railway in Shanghai is taken as an example to study the influence of the deep excavation on the existing railway. The research results show that: (1) The deep excavation supporting structure near railway side should be designed according to the deformation control and increasing supporting stiffness to reduce the settlement of the railway subgrade; (2) With the excavation of deep foundation, the settlement rate curve of the railway subgrade first increases and then decreases, and the final settlement is large; (3) This paper can be used as the reference for the similar design and construction of deep foundation adjacent to the existing railway.
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    Evaluation and the Mitigation of a Deep Excavation failure in Thick Peaty Soils
    HU Jianwei, CHEN Xuelong, DENG Xuedeng
    2022, 36 (5):  688-691. 
    Abstract ( 332 )   Save
    In this paper, the special engineering properties of a special soil (peaty soil) in Dianchi Lake in Kunming area are presented and a deep excavation failure in the peaty soils is evaluated throughout the finite element method by using Plaxis2D commercial software. Reasons that might cause the failure are analyzed and summarized. The content of this study can provide reference for the similar engineering design and construction.

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    Optimal Design of the Steel Tie Rods Considering the Influence of Settlement
    LIU Yi, XU Mingjun, YANG Qin
    2022, 36 (5):  692-695. 
    Abstract ( 264 )   Save
    In order to study the influence of the settlement of the soil layers induced by the upper part of the filled soil in a double-row steel sheet pile cofferdam, to study the influence of the additional loads from the deformation on the  axial force of the steel tie rods, and to improve the design theory of steel tie rods, the deformation and axial force of the steel tie rods during construction and operation are evaluated by the finite element method in this paper. The results show that the weight of the filled soil above the steel tie rods and the vertical load on the surface of the filled soil will cause a significant downward bending deformation, which increases the axial force of the steel tie rods by about 20% to 35%. Based on the results, the formula of the steel tie rods could be optimized and the tie rod bending coefficient is proposed.
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    Application of Comprehensive Geological Investigation Methods in a Long and Large Tunnel Excavation
    LIANG Jun, ZHAN Yanglie
    2022, 36 (5):  696-700. 
    Abstract ( 232 )   Save
    At present, a large number of railway and highway projects select the long and large tunnels passing through the mountainous areas with large topographical variations and complicated geological conditions. Under the tight construction schedule, if only traditional exploration methods such as engineering geological surveying and mapping as well as exploratory drilling are used for the geotechnical investigation of long and large tunnels, it is difficult to accurately characterize the engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions of the proposed tunnel in a short period of time and provide detailed and adequate engineering data for the design and construction of the tunnel. This article presents a long mountains tunnel in the northwestern region as an engineering case history. To quantify the geological conditions of the proposed tunnel, comprehensive investigation methods for the data collection, such as, remote sensing interpretation, engineering geology mapping, geophysical exploration, deep and shallow test boring drilling, hydrological testing and comprehensive logging, are used in the explorations. Such comprehensive exploration methods significantly improve the characterization of the soil and rock lithology, structural distribution and characteristics, hydrogeological conditions, etc. in the tunnel project site, and obtained relatively accurate geological data. The project proved that the comprehensive investigation method combining the above-mentioned multiple exploration methods could obtain technical, social and economic benefits of improving the construction schedule, reducing the amount of exploration and cost saving through the comprehensive analysis.
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    Effect of Rainfall Intensity on the 2# Landslide of Sichuan-Tibet Highway 102 Landslide Groups
    SHI Haiping, LI Wenwei, LI Zhongyao, WANG Yi, ZHAO Zhewei, LI Jiahuan, WANG Baotian, WANG Peiqing
    2022, 36 (5):  701-704. 
    Abstract ( 223 )   Save
    In order to study the effect of the rainfall intensity on the 2# Landslide body of Sichuan-Tibet Highway Route 102 landslide groups on plastic strain and displacement, this paper presents a simplified numerical landslide model established by using ABAQUAS finite element software. In the numerical analysis, the seepage-stress coupling method was used to simulate the plastic strain and displacement in landslide body different rainfall intensity but the same duration conditions. Numerical analysis results show that, under the same rainfall duration, with the increase in rainfall intensity, the plastic strain and displacement increase. Under the rainfall intensity of 12mm/day, 24mm/day, 36mm/day, respectively, the plastic strain and displacement in the landslide body are small. When the slope is under a steady state with the rain intensity of 48mm/day, and the plastic strain is rapidly increased after 6 days. A continuous plastic strain zone was formed in the potential landslide body and the slope instability was occurred.

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    Application of Foam Concrete in Foundation Trench Backfill of an Underground Passageway
    ZHOU Lixin, Li Jianhua, HUANG Xiaobo, YAO Zhihua
    2022, 36 (5):  705-708. 
    Abstract ( 756 )   Save
    As the operation side of the underground passage, the foundation trench is difficult to backfilled with an appropriate compacted after the completion of the main structure due to its narrow space and large depth. The traditional treatment method is inconvenient, while the compaction result is poor. The improper treatment could frequently lead to numerous post construction engineering problems, such as water-seepage and differential settlement, resulting in partial cracking and damage of the superstructure. From the underground passageway engineering construction, the study on the backfill treatment method of foundation trench of the underground passageway presented in this paper from the case history in Northwest China. Through the comparative study of different backfill approaches, the treatment method using the foam concrete is proposed, and the construction design method and technical aspects are elaborated in detail. Combined with the appearance test, physical mechanics test and settlement observation of the foam concrete after construction, the effect is evaluated. The results show that, the backfill treatment of the foundation trench by the foam concrete has a good appearance quality. Meanwhile, the strength and settlement aspects both meet the requirements. There is no seepage observed in the underground passageway, and no settlement cracks or faults are found in the superstructure. The results can provide a reference experience for similar projects, which have a great practical significance.
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    Application of an Unconventional Support Method in a Very Deep Excavation Adjacent to a Metro Station
    CHEN Ming, WEN Jianpeng, SHI Weimin
    2022, 36 (5):  709-712. 
    Abstract ( 256 )   Save
    This paper presents a case history of a very deep excavation near an active metro station in Shenzhen. The excavation supporting method design combined with the developer’s requirements for the construction schedule and cost of the project. Both design approaches and construction techniques of top-down excavation earthwork are provided in the paper. The soil in front of the excavated area that near the adjacent metro station was excavated to the floor elevation of the minus second story and reserve it until the completion of the nearby main structure. Then the top-down construction was used to complete the remaining soil removal. Combining results from the finite element analysis by using Midas/GTS NX software and the monitoring data during the construction, it is concluded that the excavation of the earthwork after removing a portion of overburden between the excavated area and the subway station is feasible. This project can provide guidance or reference for similar projects near subway stations.
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    Stability Analysis and Prevention Measures of an Old Landslide in Shenzhen
    XU Xing, GENG Xuefeng, ZHAO Changlong
    2022, 36 (5):  713-717. 
    Abstract ( 207 )   Save
    To ensure the stability of old landslides after the activation, it is important to study the landslide triggering prevention and control measures for the regional geological hazard prevention and safety control. This paper presents a case history of the evaluation of an existing old landslide in Shenzhen. Different evaluation methods, such as, topographic survey, geotechnical test boring, engineering geological mapping and investigation, drilling, and other in-situ testing, were performed to comprehensively analyze the natural geographic and geological environmental conditions and landslide characteristics. The landslide stability was analyzed using the unbalanced thrust transfer coefficient method from the landslide prevention and control plan point of view. The results show that the landslide was triggered by the activation of an old landslide. Two sections of the landslide, the western section of the landslide was in the shape of a skip on the plane, and the eastern section of the landslide was in the shape of a round chair on the plane view. The heavy rainfall duration of six consecutive days at the end of the August was the direct factor that leading to the activation of the landslide. It is proposed that the anti-slip piles can be used in the anti-slip section of the front edge of the landslide for mitigation, and the upper part of the landslide body in some sections of the slope was set with anchor lattice beam reinforcement and other reinforcement measures, which provide reference for the investigation.

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    Engineering Characteristics and Mitigation Measures of F22 Fault in Namyo Ⅳ Hydropower Station in Laos
    LIU Min, XIA Yuyun, YANG Xiaopeng, WANG Ran, GUO Tiansen, CHENG Yongxiang,
    2022, 36 (5):  718-723. 
    Abstract ( 550 )   Save
    The F22 fault is developed on the right bank slope of Nanyo 4 hydropower station in Laos, it passes through JHJ10 section of the dam foundation.  The lithology is divided into cataclastic rock belt and soft tectonic rock belt (debris and mud type). To provide the engineering geological data necessary for the engineering design of hydropower stations and to quantify the geometric characteristics of F22 fault development, geological investigation exploration, in-situ and laboratory physical and mechanical properties tests, water pressure test were conducted. Characteristics of the fracture zone, including distribution and size, mineral composition, physical and mechanical properties and engineering characteristics, are also investigated. The results show that there are no high expansive minerals such as montmorillonite exist in the argillaceous slate. The disintegration test indicates that the argillaceous slate softs and disperses quickly after soaking in water, which proves that the argillaceous slate has poor hydrologic properties, and the silty slate has good hydrologic properties. There are grooves on the upstream side of F22 fault zone in the dam foundation, which can solve the seepage problem in dam foundation. The deformation of the dam foundation can be mitigated by “bridging” the fault with concrete pad near the fault zone.


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    Deformation Control for an Ultra-Deep Excavation Adjacent to a Subway Tunnel
    RAO Yundong, ZHONG Xiumei, YANG Hongpo, GUI Zhenghua, ZHOU Yong
    2022, 36 (5):  724-729. 
    Abstract ( 234 )   Save
    With the development of urbanization, the environmental conditions of building construction are becoming more and more complex. For the construction of deep excavation adjacent to the subway tunnel, the impact of deep excavation and the unloading of the adjacent subway tunnel should be focus on. Therefore, the supporting structure type and the construction method of deep excavation are more stringent than the traditional methods. This paper presents an ultra-deep excavation project adjacent to a subway tunnel in China. The comprehensive deformation control approach for the ultra-deep excavation adjacent to a subway tunnel is proposed. The approach includes the strengthening of the subway side isolation pile, the bedrock grouting at the bottom of the excavation and the utilization of servo control for the supporting system. The effect of the comprehensive deformation control in the project is evaluated based on the deformation field monitoring of the adjacent subway tunnel and excavation supporting structure. The results show that the comprehensive deformation control for the construction of ultra-deep excavation can effectively control the deformation of the subway tunnel structure while improving the safety of the retaining structure and ensure the operation safety of the subway tunnel. The relevant conclusions can provide reference for similar projects.

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    Simulation Methods of Elastic Foundation with ANSYS
    NIU Mingxuan, LING Qisi
    2022, 36 (5):  730-734. 
    Abstract ( 547 )   Save
    ANSYS software is one of the most powerful general analysis programs in the world, which has strong computing functions and pre-and post-processing capabilities. Using ANSYS software to simulate the actual projects can provide an important reference for the design, construction and management aspects of the project. The numerical approaches are needed in resolving the beams and slabs on the elastic foundations. Different numerical models are proposed but all of them have some limitations. This paper presents several numerical methods that are commonly used in ANSYS.
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    Effect of Free Iron Oxide on the Mechanical Properties of the Granitic Residual Soil
    WANG Yuan, LIU Jinming
    2022, 36 (5):  735-738. 
    Abstract ( 347 )   Save
    The differences between granitic residual soil and its free iron oxide removed soil are studied from the aspects of mechanical, compressive properties and microstructure. The mechanism of the influence of free iron oxide on the above properties is also analyzed. The result show that the free iron oxide has a greater influence on the cohesion of the granitic residual soil and a smaller influence on its internal friction angle. The cohesion of granitic residual soil and its removing free iron oxide soil are 26.67KPa and 9.56KPa, respectively. The internal friction angle is 23.2°and 23.5°. The cohesion of the free iron oxide removed granite residual soil is lower than that of the original soil because the decrease of Fe3+ makes the colloidal electric double layer thicker, resulting in the increase of distance and decrease of the suction among colloidal particles. Compared with the free iron oxide removed soil, the granite residual soil has more small pores and the soil particles are more compact. With the increase of pressure, the compressive settlement of the free iron oxide removed granitic residual soil is first larger than that of its original soil, and then smaller than that of its original soil. More large pores and the soil agglomeration are the reasons that the compressive settlement of the free iron oxide removed granite residual soil is larger than that of the original soil at low pressure and smaller than that of the original soil at high pressure.
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    FLAC3D Numerical Analysis of Load Transfer Mechanism of Tapered Pile
    ZOU Changchun, HE Jie, WU Zheng, LIU Mengxin
    2022, 36 (5):  739-742. 
    Abstract ( 236 )   Save
    To further study the load transfer mechanism of the tapered pile, the pile-soil stress analysis model of tapered pile is established by using FLAC3D finite-difference software. The differences of load carrying characteristics between the tapered pile and the uniform-section pile are compared and analyzed. The influence of the taper angle on the load transfer mechanism of tapered pile between pile and soil is emphatically discussed. The results show that: the decreasing rate of axial force along the depth increases rapidly with the increase of the tapered angle; the shape of the inclined side wall changes the load transfer mechanism of the pile shaft. The proportion of the side load sharing of the tapered pile is as high as 89.3%, and the external load is mainly carried by the friction resistance of pile-soil interface; Under the same settlement of pile top, the pull-down displacement of the surface soil around the tapered pile is significantly greater than that of the uniform-section pile, and the larger the taper angle is, the higher the displacement will be. This special pile-soil interaction mechanism is the main source of the excellent load carrying capacity of the tapered pile.
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    Influence of Rainfall on Seepage and Stability of Embankment Slopes
    YAN Hui, ZHANG Chenyang
    2022, 36 (5):  743-746. 
    Abstract ( 646 )   Save
    The settlement and stability evaluation of the expressway embankment slope have become more and more mature. This paper analyzes the variation of the matrix suction of an expressway embankment slope under the rainfall conditions. The stability of the slope is evaluated by the strength reduction method using ABAQUS finite element software. The results show that: when the total amount of rainfall is the same, the longer the rainfall duration, the greater the infiltration depth of the slope. The longer the rainfall duration is, the deeper the infiltration depth is. When the total rainfall remains the same, the greater the rainfall intensity is, the easier it is to form a transient saturation zone on the surface of the slope. Because the seepage will be hindered by the slope soil, when the rainfall intensity is strong enough, the rainwater has no time to flow down, so it will accumulate in the surface soil, thus forming a transient saturation zone. It is also related to the permeability coefficient of soil. The rainfall can promote the development of slope displacement, which is related to rainfall intensity, rainfall duration and slope gradient. When the rainfall is over, the vertical displacement of the slope will rebound and the horizontal displacement will continue to develop due to the rainfall infiltration; the rainfall has an adverse effect on the stability of the slope, and the more severe the rainfall is, the easier it is to reduce the safety factor of the slope. When the rainfall reaches a certain degree, the slope toe area will first enter the plastic zone, and then develop the sliding surface upward, resulting in the slope instability.
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    Liquefaction Mechanism in Loosely Deposited Seabed under Conidial Wave Action
    CHAI Xiuwei, ZHOU Yu
    2022, 36 (5):  747-751. 
    Abstract ( 193 )   Save
    The loosely deposited seabed is prone to liquefaction and other instability problems under the dynamic wave loads. Based on the highly reliable numerical coupling model FSSI-CAS 2D, the elastic-plastic constitutive model Pastor Zienkiewicz-Mark III is used to describe the complex mechanical behavior of the loose seabed. The dynamic response characteristics and liquefaction mechanism of loosely deposited seabed under conidial wave in shallow water environment are analyzed numerically. The evaluation results show that the pore water pressure of the loosely deposited seabed increases continuously at different depths, and the pore water pressure accumulation is not infinite. In some parts of the seabed soil can reach a state of complete liquefaction, becoming a heavy fluid with high viscosity. Residual liquefaction of the loosely deposited seabed under the dynamic wave loads is a gradual process that starts at the upper part of the seabed and then extends downward. The evaluation results can provide a theoretical basis for the stability analysis of seabed in offshore engineering.
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    Pull-out Capacity of Vertical Grouting Anchor in Gibson Foundation
    LIU Xiujun,
    2022, 36 (5):  752-759. 
    Abstract ( 205 )   Save
    It is assumed that the shear stiffness and the ultimate shear stress of the rock and soil surrounding the vertical grouting anchor increase linearly with the depth. At the same time, if the shear stiffness in the plastic deformation zone decreases linearly from a depth zt of the plastic deformation zone to the top of the anchor to zero, the load transfer mechanism of the vertical grouting anchor is theoretically analyzed. On this basis, the influence of the depth variation coefficient on the shear stress distribution of the anchor is analyzed. The evaluation results show that in the design and analysis of the vertical grouting anchor, the mechanical properties of the rock-soil are considered reasonably with the increase of depth, which can reflect the load transfer process of the bolt more realistic.

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    Estimation Model of VS30 in Shaanxi Guanzhong Plains
    ZHANG Weichao, SUN Yu, TIAN Qinhu, REN Hao, SHAO Dan, RUAN Shiqi
    2022, 36 (5):  760-764. 
    Abstract ( 340 )   Save
    The average shear wave velocity to a depth of 30m below the ground surface (Vs30) is an important parameter for evaluating the site seismic condition and the site earthquake response and is widely used worldwide. But there are many bore hole data with depth less than 30m, and these bore hole data cannot be directly used to evaluate the Vs30 so that the correlated research results which include the parameter of Vs30 might not be directly referenced. Based on the data from 590 bore holes with depth greater than 30m in Guanzhong plain of Shaanxi Province, the test data were evaluated by using three models, namely, the bottom layer constant velocity model, the velocity gradient model and the extrapolation model with the travel-time averaged shear-wave velocities at two different depths. Throughout this study the Vs30 estimation model can be therefore localized. The results show that, the constant velocity extrapolation model is more suitable for estimating the Vs30 value when the bore hole depth exceeds 15m; when the depth of the bore hole is less than 15m and the amount of borehole data is large, the linear model in the velocity gradient extrapolation model is more appropriate for estimating the Vs30 value. Considering that the extrapolation model with the travel-time averaged shear-wave velocities at two different depths does not need any regression analysis to derive empirical relations from a large number of data and the total estimation error is small, this model is appropriate for the entire depth range (10-28m) and is more applicable.
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    Developments on Static and Dynamic Properties of Frozen Rock
    YAN Zhiqiang, TAN Yizhong, LI Zeng, MA Linjian
    2022, 36 (5):  765-770. 
    Abstract ( 303 )   Save
    The infrastructures in the cold and high-altitude regions play an important role in the social development, which are also the life and supply lines that connecting the economic development of the inland and remote areas. In the future potential wars, the safe protection of the frozen rock protection media under different environments should be considered. The study of the frozen rock engineering in cold regions is of the great significance to the engineering construction and the protection of important facilities in high altitude areas on the plateau. In this paper, the research results on the static and dynamic mechanical properties of the frozen rock at home and abroad in recent decades are summarized, mainly from the aspects of strength characteristics and deformation characteristics. The mechanism of the influence of the static and dynamic mechanical properties on the porosity ice is emphatically analyzed, and the discussion and prospect of the failure theory of frozen rock under the coupling effect are put forward, so as to provide scientific support for the engineering construction and protection in cold regions.
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    Pore Water Pressure Evolution and Failure Mechanism of Red Clay Using Effective Stress Principle
    ZHAO Rui, LI Xiaolin
    2022, 36 (5):  771-774. 
    Abstract ( 605 )   Save
    This paper presents the conventional triaxial consolidation test results on Guiyang red clay by using SLB-1 triaxial shearing and osmotic apparatus.  The evolution of the pore water pressure of soil samples during the consolidation and shearing stages, the value of the test failure stress, the relationship between the total stress path and the effective stress path are observed and evaluated. Meanwhile, the deformation failure mechanism of samples is analyzed from the effective stress principles. The test result show that, the pore water pressure is an important parameter of triaxial test, which controls the effective stress intensity of soil sample. Specifically, in the consolidation stage, with the compression of the pore volume, the excess pore water pressure gradually dissipates to zero. In the shear stage, after the soil particles are rearranged, the excess pore water pressure is generated and increases with the increase of strain. At this stage, the effective stress decreases. In the stress space, the effective stress trajectory is on the left side of the total stress trajectory, which is reverse bending. The variation of the pore water pressure is the fundamental factor that causes the characteristics of the two different stress paths. Under the action of the pore water pressure, the change process of points in the stress space can be divided into the total stress path and the effective stress path, but both stress states can be represented by Mohr circles, and the two Mohr circles are on the horizontal axis. The interval is the excess static pore water pressure.
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    P Wave Characteristics of Coral Sand Using Bender Element Wave Velocity Measurement System
    TANG Xiaoxin, SUN Liuliu
    2022, 36 (5):  775-777. 
    Abstract ( 201 )   Save
    The bender element is an important common equipment in the soil test laboratory, which is often used to test soil shear wave velocity. Although the bender element has the capability of measuring the longitudinal wave velocity (P wave), its application is still rarely reported. With a better understanding of the unsaturated soil, the importance of P wave property is increasing. In this paper, the behavior of the bender element system in measuring the coral sand samples is evaluated. The relationship between P wave velocity and physical parameters of coral sand is also studied. The results show that there is a good positive correlation between the magnitude of wave velocity and the confining pressure, and the growth trend of wave velocity value slows down with the increase of pressure. The water content has a great influence on the wave velocity, and it is a quadratic function. At the same time, the wave propagation in the saturated soil is very different from that in the unsaturated soil, and the typical characteristics of the wave propagation in two-phase saturated media can be observed.

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    Design of Automatic Monitoring for Deep Horizontal Displacement in the Rock Mass Intrusions
    CUI Rongzhen
    2022, 36 (5):  778-781. 
    Abstract ( 247 )   Save
    When the tunnel passes through a rock mass intrusion zone, the tunnel excavation or unloading at the slope side may break its original equilibrium state, and the stability safety will often be reduced. The reduction in the stability might induce the slip or creep in the rock mass intrusion zone that triggering the safety of construction project and operation. By monitoring the deep horizontal displacement in the rock mass intrusion zone can effectively provide a safe excavation construction.  This paper presents the geological conditions and field engineering conditions of the rock mass intrusion zone, the layout method and related principles of automatic monitoring of horizontal displacement in the rock mass.
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    Safety Monitoring of Deep Foundation Excavation in Thick Soft Soils
    GONG Lifei, SHAO Shuai, YAO Yumeng
    2022, 36 (5):  782-786. 
    Abstract ( 273 )   Save
    In geotechnical engineering, the deep excavation is one of the most complicated engineering which have the complicated factors and conditions. The hydrogeology, meteorology, surrounding environment, supporting structure type, excavation consequences, etc. could all have a potential great impact on the safety of foundation excavations. Even, there might be a potential significant property loss and strong social impact, the safety monitoring of the deep excavation has become the most important means of the real time monitoring of the safety during the excavation. This paper presents a construction monitoring of the deep excavation of Jiangmen Avenue in the Jiangmen Station supporting facility project of the Zhuxi Comprehensive Transportation Hub. A variety of support types and the deep excavation construction monitoring and foundation deformation control are analyzed and discussed in the paper. Under the condition of the cumulative deformation and deformation rate index exceeded the design control value, the risk of the deep excavation during the construction process was effectively controlled, which provides a reference for the similar projects in this deep soft soil area.
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    Effect of Dry Density on Red Clay Strength under Drying-Wetting Cycles
    LIU Baochen, WANG Liangyu, CUI Yanshuo , ZHENG Yuan, LI Shujiang
    2022, 36 (5):  787-791. 
    Abstract ( 221 )   Save
    In order to study the effect of dry density on Guilin red clay under drying-wetting cycles, soil samples with different dry densities were prepared under various dry-wet cycles. Then prepared sampled were performed with various tests, such as, shear strength, one dimension compression, and permeability. The test results show that under the effect of the optimal moisture content, the shear strength of the soil increases with the increase of dry density; when the moisture content and dry density are constant, the shear strength of the soil decreases with the increase of the number of drying-wetting cycles; When the moisture content and the number of cycles is constant, the soil with high dry density has the low shrinkage property. As the number of drying and wetting cycles increases, the shrinkage of the soil decreases significantly; when the moisture content and the number of cycles is constant, the dry density increases and compresses The coefficient decreases, as the number of wetting-drying cycles increases, the compressive modulus increases; when the moisture content is constant, the permeability coefficient decreases with the increase of dry density, and increases with the increase of wetting-drying cycles.
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    Influence of Moisture Content and DryingWetting Cycles on the Shear Strength of Silty Soil Sample from “Meadow Land” in the West Bank of Qinghai Lake
    LIAN Xiaoliang, , LIU Jianzheng, ZHONG Xiaochun, YANG Qihui, LIAO Yi, ZHANG Lei
    2022, 36 (5):  791-795. 
    Abstract ( 266 )   Save
    This paper presents a highway construction engineering case history along the west bank of Qinghai Lake. The study selected a typical silty soil from the “Meadow Land” from the west bank of Qinghai Lake. The influence of the moisture content and the drying and wetting cycles on the shear strength parameters was evaluated throughout the index property tests, drying and wetting tests and dire shear tests. The results show that the shear strength indices c and φ of the unmodified silt first increase and then decrease with the increase of moisture content, and the optimal moisture content in the soil sample for the best the shear strength is about 30% . The values of c, φ and the  shear strength of remolded silt decrease with the increase of wetting-drying cycles. When the cycles exceed 5 times, the moisture content has little effect on the shear strength.
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    Experimental Study on Strength Properties of Solidified Waste Sludge
    GE Dexing, YU Jun, XU Kun, XU Guizhong
    2022, 36 (5):  796-799. 
    Abstract ( 265 )   Save
    A large amount of waste sludges are generated in the urban construction in China. Considering the reuse of waste sludge resources, a series of cement-soil mixed samples were prepared, and the unconfined compressive strength tests were performed for the engineering waste sludge in Funing area. The influencing factors and the strength failure mechanism were evaluated, and a series of test data were provided for the treatment method and the resource utilization of waste sludge. The test results show that the change of cement mixing ratio and curing age have a certain influence on the preparation of the waste sludge samples. When the cement content remains constant, the curing age increases, and the unconfined compressive strength of the specimen also increases. At the same time, the fitted curve shows that the strength increases linearly. With the same curing age, with the increase of cement content, the unconfined compressive strength of cement soil samples also increases and shows obvious linear relationship. In addition, if the cement content is low, the failure strain is small, and the failure mode is plastic failure. When the cement content is high, the failure strain increases, and the mode shows a trend of brittle failure.
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    Experimental Study on Weak Expansive Rock and Soil Modified by Disintegrated Sandstone and Other Rock
    MA Zhongwu, WAN Kang, HU Bo, LI Congan
    2022, 36 (5):  800-802. 
    Abstract ( 229 )   Save
    The water conservancy and transportation projects in the expansive soil and rock formations are frequently damaged due to the expansion, contraction and multi cracks in these soil and rock formations. To fully utilize the local waste material resources mixed with a certain cement ratio is one of the effective methods to mitigate expansive soils and rocks. The weak expansive rock and soil in an area are selected as the study site, and the weak expansive rock and soil are physically modified by the excavated waste disintegrated sandstone and other rocks. Based on the free expansion rate test, the optimal mixing ratio is proposed, and the basic physical property test and expansion characteristic test of the soil samples modified by the physical modified material and cement are performed to evaluate the expansion deformation of the modified soil. The test results show that: (1) the optimal mixing ratio of the physical modified weak expansive soils with the disintegrated  sandstone rock and mudstone is 3:7 and 5:5 respectively; (2) The permeability coefficient k≤10-4 cm·s-1under 96% compaction and the permeability coefficient k≤10-5 cm·s-1 after the modification with 3% cement; (3) When the overburden pressure of the physically modified soil is 6.25 kPa, the expansion rate is less than 2.0%. After being modified with 3% cement, the unloaded expansion rate is less than 0.2%, and the expansion deformation of modified soil is significantly reduced.
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