Abstract: Ground subsidence hazards are widely occurred in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi province, and most of the ground subsidence events in villages and towns are caused by the residual deformation of historical tunnels left over time. This paper simulates the ground subsidence hazards caused by the excavation of an ancient tunnel in Weinan, Shaanxi Province, and analyzes the strain and displacement characteristics of the historical tunnel area based on the numerical simulation software. The results show that due to the rainwater infiltration, the strength of the soil decreases, and the deformation occurs under the overburden load. The maximum displacement of the tunnel area is 5.62 m, and the surface displacement is 5.00 cm. The vertical displacement was increased to the top, with a maximum displacement of 1.22 cm. The distribution of the plastic area and strain changes are similar, mainly concentrated in the 45 angle range on the left and right sides of the top axis of the tunnel.

Key words: Ground Subsidence, Underground Cavity, Stress Distribution, Formation Analysis, Settlement Monitoring