土工基础

土工基础 ›› 2026, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 629-636.

• 工程实录 • 上一篇    下一篇

滨江围堰非对称支护基坑空间效应变形规律研究

熊宗海1,2，程华强3，陈律4，权威5，熊鹤2   

  1. （1.武汉科技大学资源与环境工程学院，武汉 430081；2.武汉丰达地质工程有限公司，武汉 430223；3.武汉市桥梁工程有限公司，武汉 430060；4.中机三勘岩土工程有限公司，武汉 430000；5.中南勘察基础工程有限公司，武汉 430081）
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-23 修回日期:2026-05-05 出版日期:2026-08-30 发布日期:2026-08-26
  • 作者简介:熊宗海（1986-），男，博士，高级工程师，研究方向为岩土、矿山、地下工程的勘察、设计、安全控制等。
  • 基金资助:
    武汉市城建局科技计划项目（202360，202361）；武汉市市政建设集团有限公司科技计划项目（wszky202523）

Spatial Effects and Deformation of an Asymmetric Supported Deep Excavation in Riverside Cofferdam

XIONG Zonghai1,2, Cheng Huaqiang3, CHEN Lv4, QUAN Wei5， XIONG He2   

  1. (1.School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081；
    2.Wuhan Fengda Geological Engineering Co. Ltd., Wuhan 430223；3.Wuhan Bridge Engineering Co. Ltd., Wuhan 430060；
    4.China Machinery TIDI Geotechnical Engineering Co. Ltd., Wuhan 430000；
    5.Central South Exploration & Foundation Engineering Co. Ltd., Wuhan 430081)
  • Received:2026-04-23 Revised:2026-05-05 Online:2026-08-30 Published:2026-08-26

摘要： 针对滨江邻水环境下多级－单级组合非对称支护基坑的空间效应问题，依托武汉新河大桥11#矩形深基坑工程，基于Hardening Soil模型建立三维有限元模型，结合现场监测数据，研究了开挖全过程中围护结构变形、地表沉降及基底隆起的空间响应规律与非对称演化机制。结果表明：①围护结构变形具有显著的三维坑角效应，其影响范围在侧立面上呈三角形分布；量化了坑角效应的影响边界，即距坑角水平距离大于16.4 m且深度大于10.5 m时该效应可忽略。②围护结构侧向变形模式空间分异显著：深层侧移随开挖由“悬臂型”向“鱼腹形”演化，峰值位于基底附近；受非对称约束影响，单级支护段顶部侧移呈“纺锤形”分布，指向由坑内转为坑外，多级支护段则持续指向坑内呈“弓”形分布。③坑外地表沉降呈现强烈的非对称特征，多级支护侧地表沉降量显著大于单级支护侧，且垂直与平行支护边分别呈“勺”型和“弓”型沉降槽。④竖向位移拐点埋深随距坑角距离的增加，先减小、后增大、最终趋于稳定的分段演化规律。上述演化特征明确了邻水非对称组合支护深基坑的空间变形边界条件。

关键词: 非对称支护, 空间效应, 坑角效应, Hardening Soil模型, 变形规律

Abstract: This study investigates the spatial behavior of a deep excavation supported by a multi-level-single-level combined asymmetric system adjacent to a riverside environment. The No. 11 rectangular foundation pit of the Wuhan Xinhe Bridge project was used as the case study. A three-dimensional finite-element model based on the Hardening Soil model was developed and calibrated using field monitoring data. The excavation process was analyzed to clarify the spatial deformation characteristics of the retaining structure, ground-surface settlement, and basal heave. The results indicate that: (1) A distinct three-dimensional corner effect governs the deformation of the retaining structure, with the influence zone forming a triangular distribution along the sidewall. The corner effect becomes negligible when the horizontal distance from the pit corner exceeds 16.4 m and the depth exceeds 10.5 m.(2) Lateral deformations of the retaining structure show marked spatial heterogeneity. Deep displacements evolve from a cantilever to a bulging profile, peaking near the base. Under asymmetric constraints, top displacements in single-stage sections form a spindle shape, reversing from inward to outward, while multi-stage sections continuously deflect inward, forming a bow shape.(3) Ground-surface settlement outside the excavation is strongly asymmetric. Settlement on the multilevel support side is significantly larger than on the single-level support side. Settlement troughs perpendicular and parallel to the retaining wall exhibit spoon-shaped and arch-shaped profiles, respectively. (4) The vertical displacement inflection depth exhibits a three-stage trend with distance from the excavation corner: initial decrease, subsequent increase, and ultimate stabilization. This trend defines the spatial deformation boundary conditions for riverside deep excavations supported by asymmetric composite systems.

Key words: Asymmetric Supported, Spatial Effect, Corner Effect, Hardening Soil Model, Deformations

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